当你在Fragments之间转换时，调用addToBackStack()作为FragmentTransaction的一部分:

FragmentTransaction tx = fragmentManager.beginTransation();
tx.replace( R.id.fragment, new MyFragment() ).addToBackStack( "tag" ).commit();

如果你需要更详细的控制(例如，当一些片段可见时，你想要抑制返回键)，你可以在你的片段的父视图上设置一个OnKeyListener:

//You need to add the following line for this solution to work; thanks skayred
fragment.getView().setFocusableInTouchMode(true);
fragment.getView().requestFocus();
fragment.getView().setOnKeyListener( new OnKeyListener()
{
    @Override
    public boolean onKey( View v, int keyCode, KeyEvent event )
    {
        if( keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK )
        {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
} );

我宁愿这样做:

private final static String TAG_FRAGMENT = "TAG_FRAGMENT";

private void showFragment() {
    final Myfragment fragment = new MyFragment();
    final FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
    transaction.replace(R.id.fragment, fragment, TAG_FRAGMENT);
    transaction.addToBackStack(null);
    transaction.commit();
}

@Override
public void onBackPressed() {
    final Myfragment fragment = (Myfragment) getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(TAG_FRAGMENT);

    if (fragment.allowBackPressed()) { // and then you define a method allowBackPressed with the logic to allow back pressed or not
        super.onBackPressed();
    }
}

我正在与SlidingMenu和Fragment一起工作，在这里展示我的案例，希望能帮助到别人。

按[后退]键时的逻辑:

When SlidingMenu shows, close it, no more things to do. Or when 2nd(or more) Fragment showing, slide back to previous Fragment, and no more things to do. SlidingMenu not shows, current Fragment is #0, do the original [Back] key does. public class Main extends SherlockFragmentActivity { private SlidingMenu menu=null; Constants.VP=new ViewPager(this); //Some stuff... @Override public void onBackPressed() { if(menu.isMenuShowing()) { menu.showContent(true); //Close SlidingMenu when menu showing return; } else { int page=Constants.VP.getCurrentItem(); if(page>0) { Constants.VP.setCurrentItem(page-1, true); //Show previous fragment until Fragment#0 return; } else {super.onBackPressed();} //If SlidingMenu is not showing and current Fragment is #0, do the original [Back] key does. In my case is exit from APP } } }

最理想的方法如下: 片段:当按下后退按钮并自定义时调用的回调

public class MyActivity extends Activity
{
    //...
    //Defined in Activity class, so override
    @Override
    public void onBackPressed()
    {
        super.onBackPressed();
        myFragment.onBackPressed();
    }
}

public class MyFragment extends Fragment
{
    //Your created method
    public static void onBackPressed()
    {
        //Pop Fragments off backstack and do your other checks
    }
}

或者你可以使用getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount()来检查要做什么:

@Override
    public void onBackPressed() {

        logger.d("@@@@@@ back stack entry count : " + getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount());

        if (getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount() != 0) {

            // only show dialog while there's back stack entry
            dialog.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), "ConfirmDialogFragment");

        } else if (getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount() == 0) {

            // or just go back to main activity
            super.onBackPressed();
        }
    }

如果你重写了片段视图的onKey方法，你需要:

    view.setFocusableInTouchMode(true);
    view.requestFocus();
    view.setOnKeyListener(new View.OnKeyListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onKey(View v, int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
                Log.i(tag, "keyCode: " + keyCode);
                if( keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK && event.getAction() == KeyEvent.ACTION_UP) {
                    Log.i(tag, "onKey Back listener is working!!!");
                    getFragmentManager().popBackStack(null, FragmentManager.POP_BACK_STACK_INCLUSIVE);
                    return true;
                } 
                return false;
            }
        });

将addToBackStack()添加到片段事务中，然后使用下面的代码为片段实现反向导航

getSupportFragmentManager().addOnBackStackChangedListener(
    new FragmentManager.OnBackStackChangedListener() {
        public void onBackStackChanged() {
            // Update your UI here.
        }
    });

如果你想处理硬件返回键事件，那么你必须在Fragment的onActivityCreated()方法中执行以下代码。

你还需要检查Action_Down或Action_UP事件。如果你不检查，那么onKey()方法将调用2次。

同样，如果你的rootview(getView())将不包含焦点，那么它将无法工作。如果你点击了任何控件，那么你需要再次使用getView().requestFocus()给rootview的焦点;在此之后，只有onKeydown()将调用。

getView().setFocusableInTouchMode(true);
getView().requestFocus();

getView().setOnKeyListener(new OnKeyListener() {
        @Override
        public boolean onKey(View v, int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
                if (event.getAction() == KeyEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
                    if (keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK) {
                        Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "Back Pressed", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    return true;
                    }
                }
                return false;
            }
        });

对我来说很好。

使用addToBackStack方法替换一个片段:

getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.content_frame, fragment).addToBackStack("my_fragment").commit();

然后在您的活动中，使用以下代码从一个片段返回到另一个片段(前一个片段)。

@Override
public void onBackPressed() {
    if (getParentFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount() > 0) {
        getParentFragmentManager().popBackStack();
    } else {
        super.onBackPressed();
    }
}

检查后台工作完美

@Override
public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event)
{
    if (keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK)
    {
        if (getFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount() == 1)
        {
            // DO something here since there is only one fragment left
            // Popping a dialog asking to quit the application
            return false;
        }
    }
    return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, event);
}

如果你正在使用FragmentActivity。然后像这样做

首先在你的碎片中调用这个。

public void callParentMethod(){
    getActivity().onBackPressed();
}

然后调用你的父类FragmentActivity中的onBackPressed方法。

@Override
public void onBackPressed() {
  //super.onBackPressed();
  //create a dialog to ask yes no question whether or not the user wants to exit
  ...
}

这是一个非常好的和可靠的解决方案:http://vinsol.com/blog/2014/10/01/handling-back-button-press-inside-fragments/

这家伙已经制作了一个抽象片段，处理backPress行为，并使用策略模式在活动片段之间切换。

对于你们中的一些人来说，抽象课程可能会有一些缺陷。

简单地说，链接中的解决方案是这样的:

// Abstract Fragment handling the back presses

public abstract class BackHandledFragment extends Fragment {
    protected BackHandlerInterface backHandlerInterface;
    public abstract String getTagText();
    public abstract boolean onBackPressed();

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        if(!(getActivity()  instanceof BackHandlerInterface)) {
            throw new ClassCastException("Hosting activity must implement BackHandlerInterface");
        } else {
            backHandlerInterface = (BackHandlerInterface) getActivity();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        super.onStart();

        // Mark this fragment as the selected Fragment.
        backHandlerInterface.setSelectedFragment(this);
    }

    public interface BackHandlerInterface {
        public void setSelectedFragment(BackHandledFragment backHandledFragment);
    }
}   

和在活动中的用法:

// BASIC ACTIVITY CODE THAT LETS ITS FRAGMENT UTILIZE onBackPress EVENTS 
// IN AN ADAPTIVE AND ORGANIZED PATTERN USING BackHandledFragment

public class TheActivity extends FragmentActivity implements BackHandlerInterface {
    private BackHandledFragment selectedFragment;

    @Override
    public void onBackPressed() {
        if(selectedFragment == null || !selectedFragment.onBackPressed()) {
            // Selected fragment did not consume the back press event.
            super.onBackPressed();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void setSelectedFragment(BackHandledFragment selectedFragment) {
        this.selectedFragment = selectedFragment;
    }
}

在您的活动中添加此代码

@Override

public void onBackPressed() {
    if (getFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount() == 0) {
        super.onBackPressed();
    } else {
        getFragmentManager().popBackStack();
    }
}

并在commit()之前在Fragment中添加这一行

ft.addToBackStack(任何名称);

你可以使用from getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled():

@Override
public void onBackStackChanged() {
    int backStackEntryCount = getFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount();

    if(backStackEntryCount > 0){
        getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
    }else{
        getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(false);
    }
}

如果您管理将每个事务添加到后退堆栈的流程，那么您可以这样做，以便在用户按后退按钮时显示上一个片段(您也可以映射home按钮)。

@Override
public void onBackPressed() {
    if (getFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount() > 0)
        getFragmentManager().popBackStack();
    else
        super.onBackPressed();
}

对于那些谁使用静态片段

在这种情况下，如果你有一个静态片段，那么它会更可取。 为片段创建一个实例对象

private static MyFragment instance=null;

在MyFragment的onCreate()中初始化该实例

  instance=this;

也可以创建一个函数来获取Instance

 public static MyFragment getInstance(){
   return instance;
}

也可以创建函数

public boolean allowBackPressed(){
    if(allowBack==true){
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}


 //allowBack is a boolean variable that will be set to true at the action 
 //where you want that your backButton should not close activity. In my case I open 
 //Navigation Drawer then I set it to true. so when I press backbutton my 
 //drawer should be get closed

public void performSomeAction(){
    //.. Your code
    ///Here I have closed my drawer
}

在你能做的活动中

@Override
public void onBackPressed() {

    if (MyFragment.getInstance().allowBackPressed()) { 
        MyFragment.getInstance().performSomeAction();
    }
    else{
        super.onBackPressed();
    }
}

工作代码:

package com.example.keralapolice;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.app.FragmentManager;
import android.app.FragmentManager.OnBackStackChangedListener;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.KeyEvent;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class ChiefFragment extends Fragment {
    View view;

    // public OnBackPressedListener onBackPressedListener;

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater,
            ViewGroup container, Bundle args) {

        view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.activity_chief, container, false);
        getActivity().getActionBar().hide();
        view.setFocusableInTouchMode(true);
        view.requestFocus();
        view.setOnKeyListener(new View.OnKeyListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onKey(View v, int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
                Log.i(getTag(), "keyCode: " + keyCode);
                if (keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK) {
                    getActivity().getActionBar().show();
                    Log.i(getTag(), "onKey Back listener is working!!!");
                    getFragmentManager().popBackStack(null, FragmentManager.POP_BACK_STACK_INCLUSIVE);
                    // String cameback="CameBack";
                    Intent i = new Intent(getActivity(), home.class);
                    // i.putExtra("Comingback", cameback);
                    startActivity(i);
                    return true;
                } else {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        });
        return view;
    }
}

 @Override
    public void onResume() {

        super.onResume();

        getView().setFocusableInTouchMode(true);
        getView().requestFocus();
        getView().setOnKeyListener(new View.OnKeyListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onKey(View v, int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {

                if (event.getAction() == KeyEvent.ACTION_UP && keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK){

                    if (mDrawerLayout.isDrawerOpen(GravityCompat.START)){
                        mDrawerLayout.closeDrawer(GravityCompat.START);
                    }
                    return true;
                }

                return false;
            }
        });
    }

在fragment类中，为back event放以下代码:

 rootView.setFocusableInTouchMode(true);
        rootView.requestFocus();
        rootView.setOnKeyListener( new OnKeyListener()
        {
            @Override
            public boolean onKey( View v, int keyCode, KeyEvent event )
            {
                if( keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK )
                {
                    FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
                    fragmentManager.beginTransaction()
                            .replace(R.id.frame_container, new Book_service_provider()).commit();

                    return true;
                }
                return false;
            }
        } );

我认为最简单的方法是创建一个接口，并在Activity中检查片段是否属于接口类型，如果是，则调用它的方法来处理弹出。下面是要在片段中实现的接口。

public interface BackPressedFragment {

    // Note for this to work, name AND tag must be set anytime the fragment is added to back stack, e.g.
    // getActivity().getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
    //                .replace(R.id.fragment_container, MyFragment.newInstance(), "MY_FRAG_TAG")
    //                .addToBackStack("MY_FRAG_TAG")
    //                .commit();
    // This is really an override. Should call popBackStack itself.
    void onPopBackStack();
}

下面是如何实现它。

public class MyFragment extends Fragment implements BackPressedFragment
    @Override
    public void onPopBackStack() {
        /* Your code goes here, do anything you want. */
        getActivity().getSupportFragmentManager().popBackStack();
}

在你的Activity中，当你处理弹出时(可能在onBackPressed和onOptionsItemSelected中)，使用这个方法弹出backstack:

public void popBackStack() {
    FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
    // Call current fragment's onPopBackStack if it has one.
    String fragmentTag = fm.getBackStackEntryAt(fm.getBackStackEntryCount() - 1).getName();
    Fragment currentFragment = getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(fragmentTag);
    if (currentFragment instanceof BackPressedFragment)
        ((BackPressedFragment)currentFragment).onPopBackStack();
    else
        fm.popBackStack();
}

创建接口:

后退按钮处理程序接口

public interface BackButtonHandlerInterface {
    void addBackClickListener (OnBackClickListener onBackClickListener);
    void removeBackClickListener (OnBackClickListener onBackClickListener);
}

OnBackClickListener

public interface OnBackClickListener {
     boolean onBackClick();
}

在活动:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements BackButtonHandlerInterface {

    private ArrayList<WeakReference<OnBackClickListener>> backClickListenersList = new ArrayList<>();

    @Override
    public void addBackClickListener(OnBackClickListener onBackClickListener) {
        backClickListenersList.add(new WeakReference<>(onBackClickListener));
    }

    @Override
    public void removeBackClickListener(OnBackClickListener onBackClickListener) {
        for (Iterator<WeakReference<OnBackClickListener>> iterator = backClickListenersList.iterator();
         iterator.hasNext();){
            WeakReference<OnBackClickListener> weakRef = iterator.next();
            if (weakRef.get() == onBackClickListener){
                iterator.remove();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onBackPressed() {
        if(!fragmentsBackKeyIntercept()){
            super.onBackPressed();
        }
    }

    private boolean fragmentsBackKeyIntercept() {
        boolean isIntercept = false;
        for (WeakReference<OnBackClickListener> weakRef : backClickListenersList) {
            OnBackClickListener onBackClickListener = weakRef.get();
            if (onBackClickListener != null) {
                boolean isFragmIntercept = onBackClickListener.onBackClick();
                if (!isIntercept) isIntercept = isFragmIntercept;
            }
        }
        return isIntercept;
    }
}

在片段:

public class MyFragment extends Fragment implements OnBackClickListener{

    private BackButtonHandlerInterface backButtonHandler;

    @Override
    public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
        super.onAttach(activity);
        backButtonHandler = (BackButtonHandlerInterface) activity;
        backButtonHandler.addBackClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDetach() {
        super.onDetach();
        backButtonHandler.removeBackClickListener(this);
        backButtonHandler = null;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onBackClick() {
        //This method handle onBackPressed()! return true or false
        return false;
    }

}

更新

提供自定义向后导航

class MyFragment : Fragment() {

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

        // This callback will only be called when MyFragment is at least Started.
        val callback = requireActivity().onBackPressedDispatcher.addCallback(this) {
            // Handle the back button event
        }

        // The callback can be enabled or disabled here or in the lambda
    }

}

在看了所有的解决方案后，我意识到有一个更简单的解决方案。

在你的活动的onBackPressed()托管你所有的片段，找到你想要防止反压的片段。如果找到了，就返回。那么popBackStack将永远不会发生在这个片段上。

  @Override
public void onBackPressed() {

        Fragment1 fragment1 = (Fragment1) getFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(“Fragment1”);
        if (fragment1 != null)
            return;

        if (getFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount() > 0){
            getFragmentManager().popBackStack();

        }
}

在你的oncreateView()方法中，你需要写这些代码，在KEYCODE_BACk条件下，你可以写任何你想要的功能

View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.xyz, container, false);
//Back pressed Logic for fragment 
v.setFocusableInTouchMode(true); 
v.requestFocus(); 
v.setOnKeyListener(new View.OnKeyListener() { 
    @Override 
    public boolean onKey(View v, int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
        if (event.getAction() == KeyEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
            if (keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK) {
                getActivity().finish(); 
                Intent intent = new Intent(getActivity(), MainActivity.class);
                startActivity(intent);

                return true; 
            } 
        } 
        return false; 
    } 
}); 

            rootView.setFocusableInTouchMode(true);
            rootView.requestFocus();
            rootView.setOnKeyListener(new View.OnKeyListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onKey(View v, int keyCode, KeyEvent event)   {
            if (keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK) {


                Fragment NameofFragment = new NameofFragment;

                FragmentTransaction  transaction=getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
                transaction.replace(R.id.frame_container,NameofFragment);

                transaction.commit();

                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    });

    return rootView;

我们创建了一个小的库来处理多个片段和/或活动中的背压。使用就像在gradle文件中添加依赖一样简单:

compile 'net.skoumal.fragmentback:fragment-back:0.1.0'

让你的片段实现BackFragment接口:

public abstract class MyFragment extends Fragment implements BackFragment {

    public boolean onBackPressed() {

        // -- your code --

        // return true if you want to consume back-pressed event
        return false;
    }

    public int getBackPriority() {
        return NORMAL_BACK_PRIORITY;
    }
}

通知你的片段关于背压:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    public void onBackPressed() {
        // first ask your fragments to handle back-pressed event
        if(!BackFragmentHelper.fireOnBackPressedEvent(this)) {
            // lets do the default back action if fragments don't consume it
            super.onBackPressed();
        }
    }
}

欲了解更多详细信息和其他用例，请访问GitHub页面:

https://github.com/skoumalcz/fragment-back