对奥利奥

Uri uri = data.getData(); 
File file = new File(uri.getPath());//create path from uri
final String[] split = file.getPath().split(":");//split the path.
filePath = split[1];//assign it to a string(your choice).

对于Oreo以下的所有版本，我已经做了这个方法，从uri中获取真实路径

 @SuppressLint("NewApi")
    public static String getFilePath(Context context, Uri uri) throws URISyntaxException {
        String selection = null;
        String[] selectionArgs = null;
        // Uri is different in versions after KITKAT (Android 4.4), we need to
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19 && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context.getApplicationContext(), uri)) {
            if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {
                final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                final String[] split = docId.split(":");
                return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
            } else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {
                final String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                uri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(
                        Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(id));
            } else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {
                final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                final String[] split = docId.split(":");
                final String type = split[0];
                if ("image".equals(type)) {
                    uri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                } else if ("video".equals(type)) {
                    uri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                } else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
                    uri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                }
                selection = "_id=?";
                selectionArgs = new String[]{
                        split[1]
                };
            }
        }
        if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {


          if (isGooglePhotosUri(uri)) {
              return uri.getLastPathSegment();
           }

            String[] projection = {
                    MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA
            };
            Cursor cursor = null;
            try {
                cursor = context.getContentResolver()
                        .query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null);
                int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA);
                if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                    return cursor.getString(column_index);
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        } else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
            return uri.getPath();
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    public static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    public static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

  public static boolean isGooglePhotosUri(Uri uri) {
    return "com.google.android.apps.photos.content".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}

简单易行。您可以像下面这样从URI执行此操作!

public void getContents(Uri uri)
{
    Cursor vidCursor = getActivity.getContentResolver().query(uri, null, null,
                                                              null, null);
    if (vidCursor.moveToFirst())
    {
        int column_index =
        vidCursor .getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA);
        Uri filePathUri = Uri.parse(vidCursor .getString(column_index));
        String video_name =  filePathUri.getLastPathSegment().toString();
        String file_path=filePathUri.getPath();
        Log.i("TAG", video_name + "\b" file_path);
    }
}

我是这样做的:

    Uri queryUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");
    String columnData = MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATA;
    String columnSize = MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.SIZE;

    String[] projectionData = {MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATA};


    String name = null;
    String size = null;

    Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(contentURI, null, null, null, null);
    if ((cursor != null)&&(cursor.getCount()>0)) {
        int nameIndex = cursor.getColumnIndex(OpenableColumns.DISPLAY_NAME);
        int sizeIndex = cursor.getColumnIndex(OpenableColumns.SIZE);

        cursor.moveToFirst();

        name = cursor.getString(nameIndex);
        size = cursor.getString(sizeIndex);

        cursor.close();
    }

    if ((name!=null)&&(size!=null)){
        String selectionNS = columnData + " LIKE '%" + name + "' AND " +columnSize + "='" + size +"'";

        Cursor cursorLike = getContentResolver().query(queryUri, projectionData, selectionNS, null, null);

        if ((cursorLike != null)&&(cursorLike.getCount()>0)) {
            cursorLike.moveToFirst();
            int indexData = cursorLike.getColumnIndex(columnData);
            if (cursorLike.getString(indexData) != null) {
                result = cursorLike.getString(indexData);
            }
            cursorLike.close();
        }
    }

    return result;

在过去的Android Q中，MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA将不再可用，有什么办法吗?这个字段在Android Q中被贬低了:

此常量在API级别29中已弃用。 应用程序可能没有直接访问此路径的文件系统权限。不要试图直接打开这个路径，应用程序应该使用ContentResolver#openFileDescriptor(Uri，字符串)来获得访问权限。

https://developer.android.com/reference/android/provider/MediaStore.MediaColumns.html#DATA

——编辑

据我所知，对于过去的Android Q，唯一的方法是依赖RELATIVE_PATH

该媒体项在存储设备中的相对路径。例如，存储在/storage/0000-0000/DCIM/Vacation/IMG1024.JPG的项的路径为DCIM/Vacation/。

https://developer.android.com/reference/android/provider/MediaStore.MediaColumns.html#RELATIVE_PATH

@PercyPercy的轻微修改版本-它不会抛出，如果有任何错误，它只返回null:

public String getPathFromMediaUri(Context context, Uri uri) {
    String result = null;

    String[] projection = { MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA };
    Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, null, null, null);
    int col = cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA);
    if (col >= 0 && cursor.moveToFirst())
        result = cursor.getString(col);
    cursor.close();

    return result;
}

在这里，我将向您展示如何创建一个BROWSE按钮，当您单击它时，它将打开SD卡，您将选择一个文件，结果您将获得所选文件的文件名和文件路径:

一个你要按的按钮

browse.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
{
    public void onClick(View v)
    {
        Intent intent = new Intent();
        intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_PICK);
        Uri startDir = Uri.fromFile(new File("/sdcard"));
        startActivityForResult(intent, PICK_REQUEST_CODE);
    }
});

获取结果文件名和文件路径的函数

protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent intent)
{
    if (requestCode == PICK_REQUEST_CODE)
    {
        if (resultCode == RESULT_OK)
        {
            Uri uri = intent.getData();

            if (uri.getScheme().toString().compareTo("content")==0)
            {
                Cursor cursor =getContentResolver().query(uri, null, null, null, null);
                if (cursor.moveToFirst())
                {
                    int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA);//Instead of "MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA" can be used "_data"
                    Uri filePathUri = Uri.parse(cursor.getString(column_index));
                    String file_name = filePathUri.getLastPathSegment().toString();
                    String file_path=filePathUri.getPath();
                    Toast.makeText(this,"File Name & PATH are:"+file_name+"\n"+file_path, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}