如何将字节数组转换为十六进制字符串,反之亦然?


当前回答

下面还通过允许本机小写选项扩展了这里的优秀答案,并且还处理null或空输入,并使其成为扩展方法。

    /// <summary>
    /// Converts the byte array to a hex string very fast. Excellent job
    /// with code lightly adapted from 'community wiki' here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/14333437/264031
    /// (the function was originally named: ByteToHexBitFiddle). Now allows a native lowerCase option
    /// to be input and allows null or empty inputs (null returns null, empty returns empty).
    /// </summary>
    public static string ToHexString(this byte[] bytes, bool lowerCase = false)
    {
        if (bytes == null)
            return null;
        else if (bytes.Length == 0)
            return "";

        char[] c = new char[bytes.Length * 2];

        int b;
        int xAddToAlpha = lowerCase ? 87 : 55;
        int xAddToDigit = lowerCase ? -39 : -7;

        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++) {

            b = bytes[i] >> 4;
            c[i * 2] = (char)(xAddToAlpha + b + (((b - 10) >> 31) & xAddToDigit));

            b = bytes[i] & 0xF;
            c[i * 2 + 1] = (char)(xAddToAlpha + b + (((b - 10) >> 31) & xAddToDigit));
        }

        string val = new string(c);
        return val;
    }

    public static string ToHexString(this IEnumerable<byte> bytes, bool lowerCase = false)
    {
        if (bytes == null)
            return null;
        byte[] arr = bytes.ToArray();
        return arr.ToHexString(lowerCase);
    }

其他回答

这里不想赘述很多答案,但我发现了一个十六进制字符串解析器的相当优化(比公认的好4.5倍)、简单的实现。首先,我的测试输出(第一批是我的实现):

Give me that string:
04c63f7842740c77e545bb0b2ade90b384f119f6ab57b680b7aa575a2f40939f

Time to parse 100,000 times: 50.4192 ms
Result as base64: BMY/eEJ0DHflRbsLKt6Qs4TxGfarV7aAt6pXWi9Ak58=
BitConverter'd: 04-C6-3F-78-42-74-0C-77-E5-45-BB-0B-2A-DE-90-B3-84-F1-19-F6-AB-5
7-B6-80-B7-AA-57-5A-2F-40-93-9F

Accepted answer: (StringToByteArray)
Time to parse 100000 times: 233.1264ms
Result as base64: BMY/eEJ0DHflRbsLKt6Qs4TxGfarV7aAt6pXWi9Ak58=
BitConverter'd: 04-C6-3F-78-42-74-0C-77-E5-45-BB-0B-2A-DE-90-B3-84-F1-19-F6-AB-5
7-B6-80-B7-AA-57-5A-2F-40-93-9F

With Mono's implementation:
Time to parse 100000 times: 777.2544ms
Result as base64: BMY/eEJ0DHflRbsLKt6Qs4TxGfarV7aAt6pXWi9Ak58=
BitConverter'd: 04-C6-3F-78-42-74-0C-77-E5-45-BB-0B-2A-DE-90-B3-84-F1-19-F6-AB-5
7-B6-80-B7-AA-57-5A-2F-40-93-9F

With SoapHexBinary:
Time to parse 100000 times: 845.1456ms
Result as base64: BMY/eEJ0DHflRbsLKt6Qs4TxGfarV7aAt6pXWi9Ak58=
BitConverter'd: 04-C6-3F-78-42-74-0C-77-E5-45-BB-0B-2A-DE-90-B3-84-F1-19-F6-AB-5
7-B6-80-B7-AA-57-5A-2F-40-93-9F

base64和“BitConverter'd”行用于测试正确性。请注意,它们是相等的。

实施:

public static byte[] ToByteArrayFromHex(string hexString)
{
  if (hexString.Length % 2 != 0) throw new ArgumentException("String must have an even length");
  var array = new byte[hexString.Length / 2];
  for (int i = 0; i < hexString.Length; i += 2)
  {
    array[i/2] = ByteFromTwoChars(hexString[i], hexString[i + 1]);
  }
  return array;
}

private static byte ByteFromTwoChars(char p, char p_2)
{
  byte ret;
  if (p <= '9' && p >= '0')
  {
    ret = (byte) ((p - '0') << 4);
  }
  else if (p <= 'f' && p >= 'a')
  {
    ret = (byte) ((p - 'a' + 10) << 4);
  }
  else if (p <= 'F' && p >= 'A')
  {
    ret = (byte) ((p - 'A' + 10) << 4);
  } else throw new ArgumentException("Char is not a hex digit: " + p,"p");

  if (p_2 <= '9' && p_2 >= '0')
  {
    ret |= (byte) ((p_2 - '0'));
  }
  else if (p_2 <= 'f' && p_2 >= 'a')
  {
    ret |= (byte) ((p_2 - 'a' + 10));
  }
  else if (p_2 <= 'F' && p_2 >= 'A')
  {
    ret |= (byte) ((p_2 - 'A' + 10));
  } else throw new ArgumentException("Char is not a hex digit: " + p_2, "p_2");

  return ret;
}

我尝试了一些不安全的东西,并将(显然是冗余的)字符移动到另一个方法来蚕食if序列,但这是最快的。

(我承认这回答了一半的问题。我觉得字符串->字节[]转换不足,而字节[]->字符串角度似乎被很好地覆盖了。因此,这个答案。)

可以使用从.NET 5开始的Convert.ToHexString。还有一个用于反向操作的方法:Convert.FromHexString。


对于较旧版本的.NET,您可以使用:

public static string ByteArrayToString(byte[] ba)
{
  StringBuilder hex = new StringBuilder(ba.Length * 2);
  foreach (byte b in ba)
    hex.AppendFormat("{0:x2}", b);
  return hex.ToString();
}

or:

public static string ByteArrayToString(byte[] ba)
{
  return BitConverter.ToString(ba).Replace("-","");
}

举个例子,这里有更多的方法。

反向转换如下:

public static byte[] StringToByteArray(String hex)
{
  int NumberChars = hex.Length;
  byte[] bytes = new byte[NumberChars / 2];
  for (int i = 0; i < NumberChars; i += 2)
    bytes[i / 2] = Convert.ToByte(hex.Substring(i, 2), 16);
  return bytes;
}

使用Substring是与Convert.ToByte结合使用的最佳选项。有关详细信息,请参阅此答案。如果需要更好的性能,必须避免Convert.ToByte,然后才能删除SubString。

对老年人来说最快的方法。。。想念你的指针

    static public byte[] HexStrToByteArray(string str)
    {
        byte[] res = new byte[(str.Length % 2 != 0 ? 0 : str.Length / 2)]; //check and allocate memory
        for (int i = 0, j = 0; j < res.Length; i += 2, j++) //convert loop
            res[j] = (byte)((str[i] % 32 + 9) % 25 * 16 + (str[i + 1] % 32 + 9) % 25);
        return res;
    }

这是我的尝试。我创建了一对扩展类来扩展字符串和字节。在大文件测试中,性能与Byte Manipulation 2相当。

下面的ToHexString代码是查找和移位算法的优化实现。它与Behrooz的方法几乎相同,但使用foreach进行迭代,计数器比显式索引更快。

在我的机器上,它排在Byte Manipulation 2之后,排在第二位,是非常可读的代码。以下测试结果也值得关注:

ToHexStringCharArrayWithCharArrayLookup:41589.69平均刻度(超过1000次),1.5倍ToHexStringCharArrayWithStringLookup:50764.06平均滴答(超过1000次),1.2XToHexStringStringBuilderWithCharArrayLookup:62812.87平均滴答(超过1000次),1.0X

根据上述结果,可以得出以下结论:

索引到字符串以执行查找与char数组在大型文件测试中非常重要。使用已知容量的StringBuilder与使用字符的惩罚创建字符串的已知大小的数组甚至更重要。

代码如下:

using System;

namespace ConversionExtensions
{
    public static class ByteArrayExtensions
    {
        private readonly static char[] digits = new char[] { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F' };

        public static string ToHexString(this byte[] bytes)
        {
            char[] hex = new char[bytes.Length * 2];
            int index = 0;

            foreach (byte b in bytes)
            {
                hex[index++] = digits[b >> 4];
                hex[index++] = digits[b & 0x0F];
            }

            return new string(hex);
        }
    }
}


using System;
using System.IO;

namespace ConversionExtensions
{
    public static class StringExtensions
    {
        public static byte[] ToBytes(this string hexString)
        {
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(hexString) && hexString.Length % 2 != 0)
            {
                throw new FormatException("Hexadecimal string must not be empty and must contain an even number of digits to be valid.");
            }

            hexString = hexString.ToUpperInvariant();
            byte[] data = new byte[hexString.Length / 2];

            for (int index = 0; index < hexString.Length; index += 2)
            {
                int highDigitValue = hexString[index] <= '9' ? hexString[index] - '0' : hexString[index] - 'A' + 10;
                int lowDigitValue = hexString[index + 1] <= '9' ? hexString[index + 1] - '0' : hexString[index + 1] - 'A' + 10;

                if (highDigitValue < 0 || lowDigitValue < 0 || highDigitValue > 15 || lowDigitValue > 15)
                {
                    throw new FormatException("An invalid digit was encountered. Valid hexadecimal digits are 0-9 and A-F.");
                }
                else
                {
                    byte value = (byte)((highDigitValue << 4) | (lowDigitValue & 0x0F));
                    data[index / 2] = value;
                }
            }

            return data;
        }
    }
}

下面是当我将代码放在我机器上的@patridge测试项目中时得到的测试结果。我还添加了一个从十六进制转换为字节数组的测试。使用我的代码的测试运行是ByteArrayToHexViaOptimizedLookupAndShift和HexToByteArrayViaByteManipulation。HexToByteArrayViaConvertToByte取自XXXX。HexToByteArrayViaSoapHexBinary是@Mykroft的答案。

Intel Pentium III Xeon处理器核心:4<br/>当前时钟速度:1576<br/>最大时钟速度:3092<br/>将字节数组转换为十六进制字符串表示ByteArrayToHexViaByteManipulation2:39366.64平均滴答(超过1000次),22.4倍ByteArrayToHexViaOptimizedLookupAndShift:41588.64平均刻度(超过1000次),21.2倍ByteArrayToHexViaLookup:55509.56次平均点击(超过1000次),15.9倍ByteArrayToHexViaByteManipulation:65349.12平均刻度(超过1000次),13.5XByteArrayToHexViaLookupAndShift:86926.87平均刻度(超过1000运行),10.2XByteArrayToHexStringViaBitConverter:平均139353.73滴答声(超过1000次),6.3XByteArrayToHexViaSoapHexBinary:314598.77平均刻度(超过1000次),2.8XByteArrayToHexStringViaStringBuilderForEachByteToString:344264.63平均刻度(超过1000次),2.6XByteArrayToHexStringViaStringBuilderAggregateByteToString:382623.44平均滴答声(超过1000次),2.3XByteArrayToHexStringViaStringBuilderForEachAppend格式:818111.95平均滴答声(超过1000次),1.1倍ByteArrayToHexStringViaStringConcatArray ConvertAll:839424.84平均值滴答声(超过1000次),1.1XByteArrayToHexStringViaStringBuilderAggregateAppend格式:867303.98平均刻度(超过1000次),1.0XByteArrayToHexStringViaStringJoinArray ConvertAll:平均882710.28滴答声(超过1000次),1.0X

另一种方法是使用stackaloc来降低GC内存压力:

static string ByteToHexBitFiddle(byte[] bytes)
{
        var c = stackalloc char[bytes.Length * 2 + 1];
        int b; 
        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; ++i)
        {
            b = bytes[i] >> 4;
            c[i * 2] = (char)(55 + b + (((b - 10) >> 31) & -7));
            b = bytes[i] & 0xF;
            c[i * 2 + 1] = (char)(55 + b + (((b - 10) >> 31) & -7));
        }
        c[bytes.Length * 2 ] = '\0';
        return new string(c);
}