这可以从字符串到字节数组。。。

public static byte[] StrToByteArray(string str)
    {
        Dictionary<string, byte> hexindex = new Dictionary<string, byte>();
        for (byte i = 0; i < 255; i++)
            hexindex.Add(i.ToString("X2"), i);

        List<byte> hexres = new List<byte>();
        for (int i = 0; i < str.Length; i += 2)
            hexres.Add(hexindex[str.Substring(i, 2)]);

        return hexres.ToArray();
    }

    // a safe version of the lookup solution:       

    public static string ByteArrayToHexViaLookup32Safe(byte[] bytes, bool withZeroX)
    {
        if (bytes.Length == 0)
        {
            return withZeroX ? "0x" : "";
        }

        int length = bytes.Length * 2 + (withZeroX ? 2 : 0);
        StateSmall stateToPass = new StateSmall(bytes, withZeroX);
        return string.Create(length, stateToPass, (chars, state) =>
        {
            int offset0x = 0;
            if (state.WithZeroX)
            {
                chars[0] = '0';
                chars[1] = 'x';
                offset0x += 2;
            }

            Span<uint> charsAsInts = MemoryMarshal.Cast<char, uint>(chars.Slice(offset0x));
            int targetLength = state.Bytes.Length;
            for (int i = 0; i < targetLength; i += 1)
            {
                uint val = Lookup32[state.Bytes[i]];
                charsAsInts[i] = val;
            }
        });
    }

    private struct StateSmall
    {
        public StateSmall(byte[] bytes, bool withZeroX)
        {
            Bytes = bytes;
            WithZeroX = withZeroX;
        }

        public byte[] Bytes;
        public bool WithZeroX;
    }

这个问题也可以使用查找表来解决。这将需要编码器和解码器的少量静态存储器。然而，这种方法很快：

编码器表512字节或1024字节（两次大小写（如果是大写和小写）需要）解码器表256字节或64 KiB（单个字符查找或双字符查找）

我的解决方案使用1024字节作为编码表，256字节用于解码。

解码

private static readonly byte[] LookupTable = new byte[] {
  0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
  0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
  0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
  0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
  0xFF, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
  0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
  0xFF, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
  0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
  0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
  0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
  0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
  0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
  0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
  0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
  0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
  0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF
};

private static byte Lookup(char c)
{
  var b = LookupTable[c];
  if (b == 255)
    throw new IOException("Expected a hex character, got " + c);
  return b;
}

public static byte ToByte(char[] chars, int offset)
{
  return (byte)(Lookup(chars[offset]) << 4 | Lookup(chars[offset + 1]));
}

编码

private static readonly char[][] LookupTableUpper;
private static readonly char[][] LookupTableLower;

static Hex()
{
  LookupTableLower = new char[256][];
  LookupTableUpper = new char[256][];
  for (var i = 0; i < 256; i++)
  {
    LookupTableLower[i] = i.ToString("x2").ToCharArray();
    LookupTableUpper[i] = i.ToString("X2").ToCharArray();
  }
}

public static char[] ToCharLower(byte[] b, int bOffset)
{
  return LookupTableLower[b[bOffset]];
}

public static char[] ToCharUpper(byte[] b, int bOffset)
{
  return LookupTableUpper[b[bOffset]];
}

比较

StringBuilderToStringFromBytes:   106148
BitConverterToStringFromBytes:     15783
ArrayConvertAllToStringFromBytes:  54290
ByteManipulationToCharArray:        8444
TableBasedToCharArray:              5651 *

*这个解决方案

Note

在解码过程中，可能会发生IOException和IndexOutOfRangeException（如果字符的值太高>256）。应该实现对流或数组进行去/编码的方法，这只是概念的证明。

另一种方法是使用stackaloc来降低GC内存压力：

static string ByteToHexBitFiddle(byte[] bytes)
{
        var c = stackalloc char[bytes.Length * 2 + 1];
        int b; 
        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; ++i)
        {
            b = bytes[i] >> 4;
            c[i * 2] = (char)(55 + b + (((b - 10) >> 31) & -7));
            b = bytes[i] & 0xF;
            c[i * 2 + 1] = (char)(55 + b + (((b - 10) >> 31) & -7));
        }
        c[bytes.Length * 2 ] = '\0';
        return new string(c);
}

对于Java 8，我们可以使用Byte.toUnsignedInt

public static String convertBytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
    for (byte byt : bytes) {
        int decimal = Byte.toUnsignedInt(byt);
        String hex = Integer.toHexString(decimal);
        result.append(hex);
    }
    return result.toString();
}

这可以从字符串到字节数组。。。

public static byte[] StrToByteArray(string str)
    {
        Dictionary<string, byte> hexindex = new Dictionary<string, byte>();
        for (byte i = 0; i < 255; i++)
            hexindex.Add(i.ToString("X2"), i);

        List<byte> hexres = new List<byte>();
        for (int i = 0; i < str.Length; i += 2)
            hexres.Add(hexindex[str.Substring(i, 2)]);

        return hexres.ToArray();
    }