我想创建一个随机字符串,由字母-数字字符组成。我希望能够指定字符串的长度。
如何在c++中做到这一点?
我想创建一个随机字符串,由字母-数字字符组成。我希望能够指定字符串的长度。
如何在c++中做到这一点?
当前回答
一些更简单和更基本的东西,如果你想让你的字符串包含任何可打印的字符:
#include <time.h> // we'll use time for the seed
#include <string.h> // this is for strcpy
void randomString(int size, char* output) // pass the destination size and the destination itself
{
srand(time(NULL)); // seed with time
char src[size];
size = rand() % size; // this randomises the size (optional)
src[size] = '\0'; // start with the end of the string...
// ...and work your way backwards
while(--size > -1)
src[size] = (rand() % 94) + 32; // generate a string ranging from the space character to ~ (tilde)
strcpy(output, src); // store the random string
}
其他回答
这里有一个有趣的单句。需要ASCII。
void gen_random(char *s, int l) {
for (int c; c=rand()%62, *s++ = (c+"07="[(c+16)/26])*(l-->0););
}
void strGetRandomAlphaNum(char *sStr, unsigned int iLen)
{
char Syms[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
unsigned int Ind = 0;
srand(time(NULL) + rand());
while(Ind < iLen)
{
sStr[Ind++] = Syms[rand()%62];
}
sStr[iLen] = '\0';
}
标准库中最合适的函数是std::sample:
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <random>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
static const char charset[] =
"0123456789"
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
template<typename URBG>
std::string gen_string(std::size_t length, URBG&& g) {
std::string result;
result.resize(length);
std::sample(std::cbegin(charset),
std::cend(charset),
std::begin(result),
std::intptr_t(length),
std::forward<URBG>(g));
return result;
}
int main() {
std::mt19937 g;
std::cout << gen_string(10, g) << std::endl;
std::cout << gen_string(10, g) << std::endl;
}
随机数生成器的状态应该在调用之间保持在函数之外。
我的2p解:
#include <random>
#include <string>
std::string random_string(std::string::size_type length)
{
static auto& chrs = "0123456789"
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
thread_local static std::mt19937 rg{std::random_device{}()};
thread_local static std::uniform_int_distribution<std::string::size_type> pick(0, sizeof(chrs) - 2);
std::string s;
s.reserve(length);
while(length--)
s += chrs[pick(rg)];
return s;
}
一些更简单和更基本的东西,如果你想让你的字符串包含任何可打印的字符:
#include <time.h> // we'll use time for the seed
#include <string.h> // this is for strcpy
void randomString(int size, char* output) // pass the destination size and the destination itself
{
srand(time(NULL)); // seed with time
char src[size];
size = rand() % size; // this randomises the size (optional)
src[size] = '\0'; // start with the end of the string...
// ...and work your way backwards
while(--size > -1)
src[size] = (rand() % 94) + 32; // generate a string ranging from the space character to ~ (tilde)
strcpy(output, src); // store the random string
}