我想创建一个随机字符串,由字母-数字字符组成。我希望能够指定字符串的长度。

如何在c++中做到这一点?


当前回答

一些更简单和更基本的东西,如果你想让你的字符串包含任何可打印的字符:

#include <time.h>   // we'll use time for the seed
#include <string.h> // this is for strcpy

void randomString(int size, char* output) // pass the destination size and the destination itself
{
    srand(time(NULL)); // seed with time

    char src[size];
    size = rand() % size; // this randomises the size (optional)

    src[size] = '\0'; // start with the end of the string...

    // ...and work your way backwards
    while(--size > -1)
        src[size] = (rand() % 94) + 32; // generate a string ranging from the space character to ~ (tilde)

    strcpy(output, src); // store the random string
}

其他回答

这里有一个有趣的单句。需要ASCII。

void gen_random(char *s, int l) {
    for (int c; c=rand()%62, *s++ = (c+"07="[(c+16)/26])*(l-->0););
}

我希望这能帮助到一些人。

在https://www.codechef.com/ide上用c++ 4.9.2测试

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <stdlib.h>     /* srand, rand */

using namespace std;

string RandomString(int len)
{
   string str = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
   string newstr;
   int pos;
   while(newstr.size() != len) {
    pos = ((rand() % (str.size() - 1)));
    newstr += str.substr(pos,1);
   }
   return newstr;
}

int main()
{
   srand(time(0));
   string random_str = RandomString(100);
   cout << "random_str : " << random_str << endl;
}

输出: random_str: DNAT1LAmbJYO0GvVo4LGqYpNcyK3eZ6t0IN3dYpHtRfwheSYipoZOf04gK7OwFIwXg2BHsSBMB84rceaTTCtBC0uZ8JWPdVxKXBd

下面是我用c++ 11改编的Ates Goral的答案。我在这里添加了lambda,但原理是你可以传入它,从而控制你的字符串包含什么字符:

std::string random_string( size_t length )
{
    auto randchar = []() -> char
    {
        const char charset[] =
        "0123456789"
        "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
        "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
        const size_t max_index = (sizeof(charset) - 1);
        return charset[ rand() % max_index ];
    };
    std::string str(length,0);
    std::generate_n( str.begin(), length, randchar );
    return str;
}

下面是一个传递lambda到随机字符串函数的例子:http://ideone.com/Ya8EKf

为什么要用c++ 11呢?

因为您可以为感兴趣的字符集生成遵循特定概率分布(或分布组合)的字符串。 因为它内置了对非确定性随机数的支持 因为它支持unicode,所以你可以把它改成国际化的版本。

例如:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <random>
#include <functional> //for std::function
#include <algorithm>  //for std::generate_n

typedef std::vector<char> char_array;

char_array charset()
{
    //Change this to suit
    return char_array( 
    {'0','1','2','3','4',
    '5','6','7','8','9',
    'A','B','C','D','E','F',
    'G','H','I','J','K',
    'L','M','N','O','P',
    'Q','R','S','T','U',
    'V','W','X','Y','Z',
    'a','b','c','d','e','f',
    'g','h','i','j','k',
    'l','m','n','o','p',
    'q','r','s','t','u',
    'v','w','x','y','z'
    });
};    

// given a function that generates a random character,
// return a string of the requested length
std::string random_string( size_t length, std::function<char(void)> rand_char )
{
    std::string str(length,0);
    std::generate_n( str.begin(), length, rand_char );
    return str;
}

int main()
{
    //0) create the character set.
    //   yes, you can use an array here, 
    //   but a function is cleaner and more flexible
    const auto ch_set = charset();

    //1) create a non-deterministic random number generator      
    std::default_random_engine rng(std::random_device{}());

    //2) create a random number "shaper" that will give
    //   us uniformly distributed indices into the character set
    std::uniform_int_distribution<> dist(0, ch_set.size()-1);

    //3) create a function that ties them together, to get:
    //   a non-deterministic uniform distribution from the 
    //   character set of your choice.
    auto randchar = [ ch_set,&dist,&rng ](){return ch_set[ dist(rng) ];};

    //4) set the length of the string you want and profit!        
    auto length = 5;
    std::cout<<random_string(length,randchar)<<std::endl;
    return 0;
}

样例输出。

void strGetRandomAlphaNum(char *sStr, unsigned int iLen)
{
  char Syms[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
  unsigned int Ind = 0;
  srand(time(NULL) + rand());
  while(Ind < iLen)
  {
    sStr[Ind++] = Syms[rand()%62];
  }
  sStr[iLen] = '\0';
}

让我们再次让随机变得方便!

我做了一个很好的c++ 11头解决方案。 您可以轻松地将一个头文件添加到项目中,然后将测试添加到项目中,或者将随机字符串用于其他目的。

这是一个快速的描述,但是您可以通过链接查看完整的代码。解决方案的主要部分是在Randomer类中:

class Randomer {
    // random seed by default
    std::mt19937 gen_;
    std::uniform_int_distribution<size_t> dist_;

public:
    /* ... some convenience ctors ... */

    Randomer(size_t min, size_t max, unsigned int seed = std::random_device{}())
        : gen_{seed}, dist_{min, max} {
    }

    // if you want predictable numbers
    void SetSeed(unsigned int seed) {
        gen_.seed(seed);
    }

    size_t operator()() {
        return dist_(gen_);
    }
};

随机封装所有随机的东西,你可以很容易地添加自己的功能。有了Randomer之后,生成字符串就很容易了:

std::string GenerateString(size_t len) {
    std::string str;
    auto rand_char = [](){ return alphabet[randomer()]; };
    std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(str), len, rand_char);
    return str;
}

在下面写下你的改进建议。 https://gist.github.com/VjGusev/e6da2cb4d4b0b531c1d009cd1f8904ad