c++用什么方法把字符串(char *)解析成int?健壮和清晰的错误处理是一个加分项(而不是返回零)。
当前回答
我知道三种将String转换为int的方法:
要么使用stoi(String to int)函数，要么使用Stringstream，第三种方式进行个人转换，代码如下:
1号方法
std::string s1 = "4533";
std::string s2 = "3.010101";
std::string s3 = "31337 with some string";
int myint1 = std::stoi(s1);
int myint2 = std::stoi(s2);
int myint3 = std::stoi(s3);
std::cout << s1 <<"=" << myint1 << '\n';
std::cout << s2 <<"=" << myint2 << '\n';
std::cout << s3 <<"=" << myint3 << '\n';
2方法
#include <string.h>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
int StringToInteger(string NumberAsString)
{
int NumberAsInteger;
stringstream ss;
ss << NumberAsString;
ss >> NumberAsInteger;
return NumberAsInteger;
}
int main()
{
string NumberAsString;
cin >> NumberAsString;
cout << StringToInteger(NumberAsString) << endl;
return 0;
}
第三种方法-但不是个人转换
std::string str4 = "453";
int i = 0, in=0; // 453 as on
for ( i = 0; i < str4.length(); i++)
{
in = str4[i];
cout <<in-48 ;
}
其他回答
我认为这三个环节可以概括:
http://tinodidriksen.com/2010/02/07/cpp-convert-int-to-string-speed/ http://tinodidriksen.com/2010/02/16/cpp-convert-string-to-int-speed/ http://www.fastformat.org/performance.html
Stringstream和lexical_cast解决方案与lexical cast使用Stringstream大致相同。
词汇强制转换的一些专门化使用不同的方法，请参阅http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/release/boost/lexical_cast.hpp了解详细信息。整数和浮点数现在专门用于整型到字符串的转换。
可以根据自己的需要专门化lexical_cast，并使其快速运行。这将是让各方满意的最终解决方案，干净而简单。
前面提到的文章展示了转换整数<->字符串的不同方法之间的比较。以下方法是有意义的:旧c-way，精神。Karma, fastformat，简单的循环。
Lexical_cast在某些情况下是可以的，例如int到字符串的转换。
使用词法强制转换将字符串转换为int不是一个好主意，因为它比atoi慢10-40倍，这取决于所使用的平台/编译器。
karma似乎是将整数转换为字符串的最快的库。
ex.: generate(ptr_char, int_, integer_number);
上面文章中提到的基本简单循环是将字符串转换为int的最快方法，显然不是最安全的方法，strtol()似乎是更安全的解决方案
int naive_char_2_int(const char *p) {
int x = 0;
bool neg = false;
if (*p == '-') {
neg = true;
++p;
}
while (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') {
x = (x*10) + (*p - '0');
++p;
}
if (neg) {
x = -x;
}
return x;
}
我知道这是一个老问题，但我已经遇到过很多次了，到目前为止，仍然没有找到一个具有以下特征的良好模板解决方案:
可以转换任何基(并检测基类型) 将检测错误的数据(即确保整个字符串，更少的前导/尾随空格，被转换消耗) 将确保无论转换为哪种类型，字符串值的范围都是可接受的。
So, here is mine, with a test strap. Because it uses the C functions strtoull/strtoll under the hood, it always converts first to the largest type available. Then, if you are not using the largest type, it will perform additional range checks to verify your type was not over(under)flowed. For this, it is a little less performant than if one properly chose strtol/strtoul. However, it also works for shorts/chars and, to the best of my knowledge, there exists no standard library function that does that, too.
享受;希望有人觉得它有用。
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cerrno>
#include <limits>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <sstream>
static const int DefaultBase = 10;
template<typename T>
static inline T CstrtoxllWrapper(const char *str, int base = DefaultBase)
{
while (isspace(*str)) str++; // remove leading spaces; verify there's data
if (*str == '\0') { throw std::invalid_argument("str; no data"); } // nothing to convert
// NOTE: for some reason strtoull allows a negative sign, we don't; if
// converting to an unsigned then it must always be positive!
if (!std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed && *str == '-')
{ throw std::invalid_argument("str; negative"); }
// reset errno and call fn (either strtoll or strtoull)
errno = 0;
char *ePtr;
T tmp = std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed ? strtoll(str, &ePtr, base)
: strtoull(str, &ePtr, base);
// check for any C errors -- note these are range errors on T, which may
// still be out of the range of the actual type we're using; the caller
// may need to perform additional range checks.
if (errno != 0)
{
if (errno == ERANGE) { throw std::range_error("str; out of range"); }
else if (errno == EINVAL) { throw std::invalid_argument("str; EINVAL"); }
else { throw std::invalid_argument("str; unknown errno"); }
}
// verify everything converted -- extraneous spaces are allowed
if (ePtr != NULL)
{
while (isspace(*ePtr)) ePtr++;
if (*ePtr != '\0') { throw std::invalid_argument("str; bad data"); }
}
return tmp;
}
template<typename T>
T StringToSigned(const char *str, int base = DefaultBase)
{
static const long long max = std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
static const long long min = std::numeric_limits<T>::min();
long long tmp = CstrtoxllWrapper<typeof(tmp)>(str, base); // use largest type
// final range check -- only needed if not long long type; a smart compiler
// should optimize this whole thing out
if (sizeof(T) == sizeof(tmp)) { return tmp; }
if (tmp < min || tmp > max)
{
std::ostringstream err;
err << "str; value " << tmp << " out of " << sizeof(T) * 8
<< "-bit signed range (";
if (sizeof(T) != 1) err << min << ".." << max;
else err << (int) min << ".." << (int) max; // don't print garbage chars
err << ")";
throw std::range_error(err.str());
}
return tmp;
}
template<typename T>
T StringToUnsigned(const char *str, int base = DefaultBase)
{
static const unsigned long long max = std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
unsigned long long tmp = CstrtoxllWrapper<typeof(tmp)>(str, base); // use largest type
// final range check -- only needed if not long long type; a smart compiler
// should optimize this whole thing out
if (sizeof(T) == sizeof(tmp)) { return tmp; }
if (tmp > max)
{
std::ostringstream err;
err << "str; value " << tmp << " out of " << sizeof(T) * 8
<< "-bit unsigned range (0..";
if (sizeof(T) != 1) err << max;
else err << (int) max; // don't print garbage chars
err << ")";
throw std::range_error(err.str());
}
return tmp;
}
template<typename T>
inline T
StringToDecimal(const char *str, int base = DefaultBase)
{
return std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed ? StringToSigned<T>(str, base)
: StringToUnsigned<T>(str, base);
}
template<typename T>
inline T
StringToDecimal(T &out_convertedVal, const char *str, int base = DefaultBase)
{
return out_convertedVal = StringToDecimal<T>(str, base);
}
/*============================== [ Test Strap ] ==============================*/
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <iostream>
static bool _g_anyFailed = false;
template<typename T>
void TestIt(const char *tName,
const char *s, int base,
bool successExpected = false, T expectedValue = 0)
{
#define FAIL(s) { _g_anyFailed = true; std::cout << s; }
T x;
std::cout << "converting<" << tName << ">b:" << base << " [" << s << "]";
try
{
StringToDecimal<T>(x, s, base);
// get here on success only
if (!successExpected)
{
FAIL(" -- TEST FAILED; SUCCESS NOT EXPECTED!" << std::endl);
}
else
{
std::cout << " -> ";
if (sizeof(T) != 1) std::cout << x;
else std::cout << (int) x; // don't print garbage chars
if (x != expectedValue)
{
FAIL("; FAILED (expected value:" << expectedValue << ")!");
}
std::cout << std::endl;
}
}
catch (std::exception &e)
{
if (successExpected)
{
FAIL( " -- TEST FAILED; EXPECTED SUCCESS!"
<< " (got:" << e.what() << ")" << std::endl);
}
else
{
std::cout << "; expected exception encounterd: [" << e.what() << "]" << std::endl;
}
}
}
#define TEST(t, s, ...) \
TestIt<t>(#t, s, __VA_ARGS__);
int main()
{
std::cout << "============ variable base tests ============" << std::endl;
TEST(int, "-0xF", 0, true, -0xF);
TEST(int, "+0xF", 0, true, 0xF);
TEST(int, "0xF", 0, true, 0xF);
TEST(int, "-010", 0, true, -010);
TEST(int, "+010", 0, true, 010);
TEST(int, "010", 0, true, 010);
TEST(int, "-10", 0, true, -10);
TEST(int, "+10", 0, true, 10);
TEST(int, "10", 0, true, 10);
std::cout << "============ base-10 tests ============" << std::endl;
TEST(int, "-010", 10, true, -10);
TEST(int, "+010", 10, true, 10);
TEST(int, "010", 10, true, 10);
TEST(int, "-10", 10, true, -10);
TEST(int, "+10", 10, true, 10);
TEST(int, "10", 10, true, 10);
TEST(int, "00010", 10, true, 10);
std::cout << "============ base-8 tests ============" << std::endl;
TEST(int, "777", 8, true, 0777);
TEST(int, "-0111 ", 8, true, -0111);
TEST(int, "+0010 ", 8, true, 010);
std::cout << "============ base-16 tests ============" << std::endl;
TEST(int, "DEAD", 16, true, 0xDEAD);
TEST(int, "-BEEF", 16, true, -0xBEEF);
TEST(int, "+C30", 16, true, 0xC30);
std::cout << "============ base-2 tests ============" << std::endl;
TEST(int, "-10011001", 2, true, -153);
TEST(int, "10011001", 2, true, 153);
std::cout << "============ irregular base tests ============" << std::endl;
TEST(int, "Z", 36, true, 35);
TEST(int, "ZZTOP", 36, true, 60457993);
TEST(int, "G", 17, true, 16);
TEST(int, "H", 17);
std::cout << "============ space deliminated tests ============" << std::endl;
TEST(int, "1337 ", 10, true, 1337);
TEST(int, " FEAD", 16, true, 0xFEAD);
TEST(int, " 0711 ", 0, true, 0711);
std::cout << "============ bad data tests ============" << std::endl;
TEST(int, "FEAD", 10);
TEST(int, "1234 asdfklj", 10);
TEST(int, "-0xF", 10);
TEST(int, "+0xF", 10);
TEST(int, "0xF", 10);
TEST(int, "-F", 10);
TEST(int, "+F", 10);
TEST(int, "12.4", 10);
TEST(int, "ABG", 16);
TEST(int, "10011002", 2);
std::cout << "============ int8_t range tests ============" << std::endl;
TEST(int8_t, "7F", 16, true, std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::max());
TEST(int8_t, "80", 16);
TEST(int8_t, "-80", 16, true, std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::min());
TEST(int8_t, "-81", 16);
TEST(int8_t, "FF", 16);
TEST(int8_t, "100", 16);
std::cout << "============ uint8_t range tests ============" << std::endl;
TEST(uint8_t, "7F", 16, true, std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::max());
TEST(uint8_t, "80", 16, true, std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::max()+1);
TEST(uint8_t, "-80", 16);
TEST(uint8_t, "-81", 16);
TEST(uint8_t, "FF", 16, true, std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max());
TEST(uint8_t, "100", 16);
std::cout << "============ int16_t range tests ============" << std::endl;
TEST(int16_t, "7FFF", 16, true, std::numeric_limits<int16_t>::max());
TEST(int16_t, "8000", 16);
TEST(int16_t, "-8000", 16, true, std::numeric_limits<int16_t>::min());
TEST(int16_t, "-8001", 16);
TEST(int16_t, "FFFF", 16);
TEST(int16_t, "10000", 16);
std::cout << "============ uint16_t range tests ============" << std::endl;
TEST(uint16_t, "7FFF", 16, true, std::numeric_limits<int16_t>::max());
TEST(uint16_t, "8000", 16, true, std::numeric_limits<int16_t>::max()+1);
TEST(uint16_t, "-8000", 16);
TEST(uint16_t, "-8001", 16);
TEST(uint16_t, "FFFF", 16, true, std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max());
TEST(uint16_t, "10000", 16);
std::cout << "============ int32_t range tests ============" << std::endl;
TEST(int32_t, "7FFFFFFF", 16, true, std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max());
TEST(int32_t, "80000000", 16);
TEST(int32_t, "-80000000", 16, true, std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::min());
TEST(int32_t, "-80000001", 16);
TEST(int32_t, "FFFFFFFF", 16);
TEST(int32_t, "100000000", 16);
std::cout << "============ uint32_t range tests ============" << std::endl;
TEST(uint32_t, "7FFFFFFF", 16, true, std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max());
TEST(uint32_t, "80000000", 16, true, std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max()+1);
TEST(uint32_t, "-80000000", 16);
TEST(uint32_t, "-80000001", 16);
TEST(uint32_t, "FFFFFFFF", 16, true, std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max());
TEST(uint32_t, "100000000", 16);
std::cout << "============ int64_t range tests ============" << std::endl;
TEST(int64_t, "7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF", 16, true, std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max());
TEST(int64_t, "8000000000000000", 16);
TEST(int64_t, "-8000000000000000", 16, true, std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min());
TEST(int64_t, "-8000000000000001", 16);
TEST(int64_t, "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF", 16);
TEST(int64_t, "10000000000000000", 16);
std::cout << "============ uint64_t range tests ============" << std::endl;
TEST(uint64_t, "7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF", 16, true, std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max());
TEST(uint64_t, "8000000000000000", 16, true, std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max()+1);
TEST(uint64_t, "-8000000000000000", 16);
TEST(uint64_t, "-8000000000000001", 16);
TEST(uint64_t, "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF", 16, true, std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max());
TEST(uint64_t, "10000000000000000", 16);
std::cout << std::endl << std::endl
<< (_g_anyFailed ? "!! SOME TESTS FAILED !!" : "ALL TESTS PASSED")
<< std::endl;
return _g_anyFailed;
}
StringToDecimal是user-land方法;它是重载的，所以可以像这样调用它:
int a; a = StringToDecimal<int>("100");
或:
int a; StringToDecimal(a, "100");
我讨厌重复int类型，所以更喜欢后者。这确保了如果“a”的类型发生了变化，也不会得到不好的结果。我希望编译器能像这样计算出来:
int a; a = StringToDecimal("100");
.．.但是，c++不推导模板返回类型，所以这是我能得到的最好的。
实现非常简单:
CstrtoxllWrapper包装strtoull和strtoll，根据模板类型的有符号性调用其中一个，并提供一些额外的保证(例如，如果无符号，则不允许负输入，它确保整个字符串被转换)。
CstrtoxllWrapper由StringToSigned和StringToUnsigned使用，具有编译器可用的最大类型(long long/unsigned long long);这允许执行最大的转换。然后，如果有必要，StringToSigned/StringToUnsigned对底层类型执行最后的范围检查。最后，端点方法StringToDecimal根据底层类型的符号性决定调用哪一个StringTo*模板方法。
我认为大多数垃圾可以被编译器优化掉;几乎所有东西都应该是编译时确定的。任何关于这方面的评论对我来说都很有趣!
这是比atoi()更安全的C方式
const char* str = "123";
int i;
if(sscanf(str, "%d", &i) == EOF )
{
/* error */
}
c++与标准库stringstream:(感谢CMS)
int str2int (const string &str) {
stringstream ss(str);
int num;
if((ss >> num).fail())
{
//ERROR
}
return num;
}
使用boost library:(感谢jk)
#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
#include <string>
try
{
std::string str = "123";
int number = boost::lexical_cast< int >( str );
}
catch( const boost::bad_lexical_cast & )
{
// Error
}
编辑:修正了stringstream版本，以便它处理错误。(感谢CMS和jk对原文的评论)
我喜欢Dan Moulding的回答，我将添加一点c++风格:
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cerrno>
#include <climits>
#include <stdexcept>
int to_int(const std::string &s, int base = 0)
{
char *end;
errno = 0;
long result = std::strtol(s.c_str(), &end, base);
if (errno == ERANGE || result > INT_MAX || result < INT_MIN)
throw std::out_of_range("toint: string is out of range");
if (s.length() == 0 || *end != '\0')
throw std::invalid_argument("toint: invalid string");
return result;
}
通过隐式转换，它对std::string和const char*都有效。它也适用于基转换，例如，所有to_int("0x7b")和to_int("0173")和to_int("01111011"， 2)和to_int("0000007B"， 16)和to_int("11120"， 3)和to_int("3L"， 34);返回123。
与std::stoi不同，它可以在pre- c++ 11中工作。也不像std::stoi, boost::lexical_cast和stringstream，它会抛出奇怪的字符串异常，比如“123hohoho”。
注意:此函数允许前导空格，但不允许尾随空格，即to_int("123 ")返回123，而to_int("123 ")抛出异常。确保这对于您的用例是可接受的，或者调整代码。
这样的功能可能是STL的一部分…
c++ String工具箱库(StrTk)有以下解决方案:
static const std::size_t digit_table_symbol_count = 256;
static const unsigned char digit_table[digit_table_symbol_count] = {
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0xFF - 0x07
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0x08 - 0x0F
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0x10 - 0x17
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0x18 - 0x1F
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0x20 - 0x27
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0x28 - 0x2F
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, // 0x30 - 0x37
0x08, 0x09, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0x38 - 0x3F
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0x40 - 0x47
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0x48 - 0x4F
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0x50 - 0x57
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0x58 - 0x5F
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0x60 - 0x67
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0x68 - 0x6F
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0x70 - 0x77
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0x78 - 0x7F
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0x80 - 0x87
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0x88 - 0x8F
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0x90 - 0x97
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0x98 - 0x9F
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0xA0 - 0xA7
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0xA8 - 0xAF
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0xB0 - 0xB7
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0xB8 - 0xBF
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0xC0 - 0xC7
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0xC8 - 0xCF
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0xD0 - 0xD7
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0xD8 - 0xDF
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0xE0 - 0xE7
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0xE8 - 0xEF
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 0xF0 - 0xF7
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF // 0xF8 - 0xFF
};
template<typename InputIterator, typename T>
inline bool string_to_signed_type_converter_impl_itr(InputIterator begin, InputIterator end, T& v)
{
if (0 == std::distance(begin,end))
return false;
v = 0;
InputIterator it = begin;
bool negative = false;
if ('+' == *it)
++it;
else if ('-' == *it)
{
++it;
negative = true;
}
if (end == it)
return false;
while(end != it)
{
const T digit = static_cast<T>(digit_table[static_cast<unsigned int>(*it++)]);
if (0xFF == digit)
return false;
v = (10 * v) + digit;
}
if (negative)
v *= -1;
return true;
}
InputIterator可以是unsigned char*、char*或std::string迭代器，T应该是signed int，例如signed int、int或long
