在Rails中，你可以使用:

{'g'=> 'a', 2 => {'v' => 'b', 'x' => { 'z' => 'c'}}}.deep_symbolize_keys!

转换:

{:g=>"a", 2=>{:v=>"b", :x=>{:z=>"c"}}}

在Ruby >= 2.5 (docs)中，你可以使用:

my_hash.transform_keys(&:to_sym)

使用旧的Ruby版本?下面是一个单行程序，它将哈希复制到一个新的哈希中，并将键符号化:

my_hash = my_hash.inject({}){|memo,(k,v)| memo[k.to_sym] = v; memo}

使用Rails，您可以使用:

my_hash.symbolize_keys
my_hash.deep_symbolize_keys 

对于Ruby中YAML的特定情况，如果键以':'开头，它们将被自动作为符号存储。

require 'yaml'
require 'pp'
yaml_str = "
connections:
  - host: host1.example.com
    port: 10000
  - host: host2.example.com
    port: 20000
"
yaml_sym = "
:connections:
  - :host: host1.example.com
    :port: 10000
  - :host: host2.example.com
    :port: 20000
"
pp yaml_str = YAML.load(yaml_str)
puts yaml_str.keys.first.class
pp yaml_sym = YAML.load(yaml_sym)
puts yaml_sym.keys.first.class

输出:

#  /opt/ruby-1.8.6-p287/bin/ruby ~/test.rb
{"connections"=>
  [{"port"=>10000, "host"=>"host1.example.com"},
   {"port"=>20000, "host"=>"host2.example.com"}]}
String
{:connections=>
  [{:port=>10000, :host=>"host1.example.com"},
   {:port=>20000, :host=>"host2.example.com"}]}
Symbol

如果你使用的是Rails，这就简单多了——你可以使用HashWithIndifferentAccess，并以字符串和符号的形式访问键:

my_hash.with_indifferent_access 

参见:

http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveSupport/HashWithIndifferentAccess.html

或者你可以使用很棒的“Facets of Ruby”Gem，它包含了很多对Ruby核心和标准库类的扩展。

  require 'facets'
  > {'some' => 'thing', 'foo' => 'bar'}.symbolize_keys
    =>  {:some=>"thing", :foo=>"bar}

参见: http://rubyworks.github.io/rubyfaux/?doc=http://rubyworks.github.io/facets/docs/facets-2.9.3/core.json#api-class-Hash

你可以偷懒，把它用lambda括起来:

my_hash = YAML.load_file('yml')
my_lamb = lambda { |key| my_hash[key.to_s] }

my_lamb[:a] == my_hash['a'] #=> true

但这只适用于从散列中读取数据，而不是写入数据。

要做到这一点，你可以使用hash# merge

my_hash = Hash.new { |h,k| h[k] = h[k.to_s] }.merge(YAML.load_file('yml'))

init块将按需一次转换键，但如果您在访问符号版本后更新键的字符串版本的值，则符号版本将不会更新。

irb> x = { 'a' => 1, 'b' => 2 }
#=> {"a"=>1, "b"=>2}
irb> y = Hash.new { |h,k| h[k] = h[k.to_s] }.merge(x)
#=> {"a"=>1, "b"=>2}
irb> y[:a]  # the key :a doesn't exist for y, so the init block is called
#=> 1
irb> y
#=> {"a"=>1, :a=>1, "b"=>2}
irb> y[:a]  # the key :a now exists for y, so the init block is isn't called
#=> 1
irb> y['a'] = 3
#=> 3
irb> y
#=> {"a"=>3, :a=>1, "b"=>2}

你也可以让init块不更新哈希，这将保护你免受这种错误，但你仍然容易受到相反的攻击-更新符号版本不会更新字符串版本:

irb> q = { 'c' => 4, 'd' => 5 }
#=> {"c"=>4, "d"=>5}
irb> r = Hash.new { |h,k| h[k.to_s] }.merge(q)
#=> {"c"=>4, "d"=>5}
irb> r[:c] # init block is called
#=> 4
irb> r
#=> {"c"=>4, "d"=>5}
irb> r[:c] # init block is called again, since this key still isn't in r
#=> 4
irb> r[:c] = 7
#=> 7
irb> r
#=> {:c=>7, "c"=>4, "d"=>5}

所以要注意的是在两种键形式之间切换。坚持用一个。

@igorsales answer的修改

class Object
  def deep_symbolize_keys
    return self.inject({}){|memo,(k,v)| memo[k.to_sym] = v.deep_symbolize_keys; memo} if self.is_a? Hash
    return self.inject([]){|memo,v    | memo           << v.deep_symbolize_keys; memo} if self.is_a? Array
    return self
  end
end