If you want automatic garbage collection, there are good commercial and public-domain garbage collectors for C++. For applications where garbage collection is suitable, C++ is an excellent garbage collected language with a performance that compares favorably with other garbage collected languages. See The C++ Programming Language (4rd Edition) for a discussion of automatic garbage collection in C++. See also, Hans-J. Boehm's site for C and C++ garbage collection (archive). Also, C++ supports programming techniques that allow memory management to be safe and implicit without a garbage collector. I consider garbage collection a last choice and an imperfect way of handling for resource management. That does not mean that it is never useful, just that there are better approaches in many situations.

来源:http://www.stroustrup.com/bs_faq.html垃圾收集

至于为什么它没有内置它，如果我没记错的话，它是在GC出现之前发明的，我不相信这种语言有GC，有几个原因(我不相信它有GC)。C)向后兼容。

希望这能有所帮助。

当我们比较c++和Java时，我们看到c++在设计时并没有考虑到隐式垃圾收集，而Java则是。

在C风格中使用任意指针这样的东西不仅不利于gc实现，而且还会破坏大量c++遗留代码的向后兼容性。

除此之外，c++是一种旨在作为独立可执行文件运行的语言，而不是具有复杂的运行时环境。

总之: 是的，在c++中添加垃圾收集是可能的，但是为了连续性，最好不要这样做。

所有的技术讨论都使这个概念过于复杂。

如果您将GC自动放入c++以获取所有内存，那么可以考虑使用类似web浏览器的东西。web浏览器必须加载完整的web文档并运行web脚本。web脚本变量可以存储在文档树中。在打开大量选项卡的浏览器中的大文档中，这意味着每次GC必须进行完整收集时，它还必须扫描所有文档元素。

On most computers this means that PAGE FAULTS will occur. So the main reason, to answer the question is that PAGE FAULTS will occur. You will know this as when your PC starts making lots of disk access. This is because the GC must touch lots of memory in order to prove invalid pointers. When you have a bona fide application using lots of memory, having to scan all objects every collection is havoc because of the PAGE FAULTS. A page fault is when virtual memory needs to get read back into RAM from disk.

因此，正确的解决方案是将应用程序分为需要GC的部分和不需要GC的部分。在上面的web浏览器示例中，如果文档树是用malloc分配的，但javascript是用GC运行的，那么每次GC启动时，它只扫描一小部分内存，并且文档树的内存中所有page OUT元素不需要被换回。

为了进一步理解这个问题，请查阅虚拟内存以及它是如何在计算机中实现的。这都是关于当没有那么多RAM时，程序可用2GB的事实。在32BIt系统的2GB RAM的现代计算机上，只要只有一个程序在运行，就不存在这样的问题。

作为另一个示例，考虑一个必须跟踪所有对象的完整集合。首先，您必须扫描所有通过根访问的对象。第二步扫描步骤1中可见的所有对象。然后扫描等待的析构函数。然后再次浏览所有页面，关闭所有不可见对象。这意味着许多页面可能会被多次换出和换回。

因此，我的回答是，由于触及所有内存而发生的PAGE FAULTS的数量导致对程序中所有对象进行完整的GC是不可行的，因此程序员必须将GC视为脚本和数据库工作的辅助，但使用手动内存管理进行正常工作。

另一个很重要的原因当然是全局变量。为了让收集器知道全局变量指针在GC中，它需要特定的关键字，因此现有的c++代码将无法工作。

原始C语言背后的一个基本原则是，内存是由一系列字节组成的，代码只需要关心这些字节在被使用的确切时刻意味着什么。现代C语言允许编译器施加额外的限制，但C语言包括——c++保留了——将指针分解为字节序列，将包含相同值的任何字节序列组装为指针，然后使用该指针访问先前的对象。

While that ability can be useful--or even indispensable--in some kinds of applications, a language that includes that ability will be very limited in its ability to support any kind of useful and reliable garbage collection. If a compiler doesn't know everything that has been done with the bits that made up a pointer, it will have no way of knowing whether information sufficient to reconstruct the pointer might exist somewhere in the universe. Since it would be possible for that information to be stored in ways that the computer wouldn't be able to access even if it knew about them (e.g. the bytes making up the pointer might have been shown on the screen long enough for someone to write them down on a piece of paper), it may be literally impossible for a computer to know whether a pointer could possibly be used in the future.

An interesting quirk of many garbage-collected frameworks is that an object reference not defined by the bit patterns contained therein, but by the relationship between the bits held in the object reference and other information held elsewhere. In C and C++, if the bit pattern stored in a pointer identifies an object, that bit pattern will identify that object until the object is explicitly destroyed. In a typical GC system, an object may be represented by a bit pattern 0x1234ABCD at one moment in time, but the next GC cycle might replace all references to 0x1234ABCD with references to 0x4321BABE, whereupon the object would be represented by the latter pattern. Even if one were to display the bit pattern associated with an object reference and then later read it back from the keyboard, there would be no expectation that the same bit pattern would be usable to identify the same object (or any object).

主要有两个原因:

因为它不需要(恕我直言) 因为它与RAII几乎不兼容，RAII是c++的基石

c++已经提供了手动内存管理、堆栈分配、RAII、容器、自动指针、智能指针……这应该足够了。垃圾收集器适合懒惰的程序员，他们不想花5分钟思考谁应该拥有哪些对象或什么时候应该释放资源。这不是我们在c++中做事情的方式。

c++背后的思想是，你不需要为你不使用的特性付出任何性能上的影响。因此，添加垃圾收集意味着让一些程序像C语言那样直接在硬件上运行，而另一些则在某种运行时虚拟机中运行。

没有什么可以阻止您使用绑定到某些第三方垃圾收集机制的某种形式的智能指针。我似乎记得微软在COM上做过类似的事情，但并不顺利。