Try-except-else非常适合结合EAFP模式和duck-typing:

try:
  cs = x.cleanupSet
except AttributeError:
  pass
else:
  for v in cs:
    v.cleanup()

您可能认为naïve代码是好的:

try:
  for v in x.cleanupSet:
    v.clenaup()
except AttributeError:
  pass

这是在代码中意外隐藏严重错误的好方法。我在那里输入了清理，但是让我知道的AttributeError正在被吞噬。更糟糕的是，如果我写对了，但清理方法偶尔被传递一个具有错误命名属性的用户类型，导致它在中途无声地失败并留下一个未关闭的文件，会怎样?祝你在调试时好运。

即使你现在想不出它的用途，你可以打赌它一定会有用处的。下面是一个没有想象力的例子:

其他:

a = [1,2,3]
try:
    something = a[2]
except IndexError:
    print("out of bounds")
else:
    print(something)

没有其他的:

try:
    something = a[2]
except IndexError:
    print("out of bounds")

if "something" in locals():
    print(something)

在这里，如果没有抛出错误，则定义了变量something。您可以在try块之外删除它，但如果定义了变量，则需要进行一些混乱的检测。

我将添加另一个用例，在处理DB会话时看起来很直接:

    # getting a DB connection 
    conn = db.engine.connect()

    # and binding to a DB session
    session = db.get_session(bind=conn)

    try:
        # we build the query to DB
        q = session.query(MyTable).filter(MyTable.col1 == 'query_val')

        # i.e retrieve one row
        data_set = q.one_or_none()

        # return results
        return [{'col1': data_set.col1, 'col2': data_set.col2, ...}]

    except:
        # here we make sure to rollback the transaction, 
        # handy when we update stuff into DB
        session.rollback()
        raise

    else:
        # when no errors then we can commit DB changes
        session.commit()

    finally:
        # and finally we can close the session
        session.close()

我已经找到了…Else:在运行数据库查询并将这些查询的结果记录到相同风格/类型的单独数据库的情况下，构造非常有用。假设我有很多工作线程，它们都处理提交给队列的数据库查询

#in a long running loop
try:
    query = queue.get()
    conn = connect_to_db(<main db>)
    curs = conn.cursor()
    try:
        curs.execute("<some query on user input that may fail even if sanitized">)
    except DBError:
        logconn = connect_to_db(<logging db>)
        logcurs = logconn.cursor()
        logcurs.execute("<update in DB log with record of failed query")
        logcurs.close()
        logconn.close()
    else:

        #we can't put this in main try block because an error connecting
        #to the logging DB would be indistinguishable from an error in 
        #the mainquery 

        #We can't put this after the whole try: except: finally: block
        #because then we don't know if the query was successful or not

        logconn = connect_to_db(<logging db>)
        logcurs = logconn.cursor()
        logcurs.execute("<update in DB log with record of successful query")
        logcurs.close()
        logconn.close()
        #do something in response to successful query
except DBError:
    #This DBError is because of a problem with the logging database, but 
    #we can't let that crash the whole thread over what might be a
    #temporary network glitch
finally:
    curs.close()
    conn.close()
    #other cleanup if necessary like telling the queue the task is finished

当然，如果您能够区分可能抛出的异常，则不必使用这种方法，但是如果代码对成功的代码段的响应可能会抛出与成功的代码段相同的异常，并且您不能让第二个可能的异常消失，或者在成功时立即返回(在我的例子中，这会杀死线程)，那么这种方法就会派上用场。

else块通常可以用来补充出现在每个except块中的功能。

try:
    test_consistency(valuable_data)
except Except1:
    inconsistency_type = 1
except Except2:
    inconsistency_type = 2
except:
    # Something else is wrong
    raise
else:
    inconsistency_type = 0

"""
Process each individual inconsistency down here instead of
inside the except blocks. Use 0 to mean no inconsistency.
"""

在这种情况下，在每个except块中设置inconsistency_type，以便在无错误情况下在else中补充行为。

当然，我将此描述为某一天可能会出现在您自己的代码中的模式。在这个特定的情况下，您只要在try块之前将inconsistency_type设置为0即可。

Python try-else try语句的可选else子句的预期用途是什么?

其预期用途是，如果没有预期要处理的异常，则为运行更多代码提供上下文。

这个上下文避免意外处理您没有预料到的错误。

但是理解导致else子句运行的确切条件非常重要，因为return、continue和break可以中断到else的控制流。

总之

如果没有异常，并且没有被return、continue或break语句中断，else语句将运行。

其他答案忽略了最后一部分。

从文档中可以看出:

类型的控件流出时，执行可选的else子句 try子句结束

(粗体)。脚注写道:

*目前，控制“从末端流出”，除非在 异常或return、continue或break语句的执行。

它至少需要一个except子句(参见语法)。所以它实际上不是“try-else”，而是“try-except-else(-finally)”，其中else(和finally)是可选的。

Python教程详细说明了预期的用法:

The try ... except statement has an optional else clause, which, when present, must follow all except clauses. It is useful for code that must be executed if the try clause does not raise an exception. For example: for arg in sys.argv[1:]: try: f = open(arg, 'r') except IOError: print 'cannot open', arg else: print arg, 'has', len(f.readlines()), 'lines' f.close() The use of the else clause is better than adding additional code to the try clause because it avoids accidentally catching an exception that wasn’t raised by the code being protected by the try ... except statement.

示例区分else和try块后面的代码

如果处理错误，else块将不会运行。例如:

def handle_error():
    try:
        raise RuntimeError('oops!')
    except RuntimeError as error:
        print('handled a RuntimeError, no big deal.')
    else:
        print('if this prints, we had no error!') # won't print!
    print('And now we have left the try block!')  # will print!

现在,

>>> handle_error()
handled a RuntimeError, no big deal.
And now we have left the try block!