Try-except-else非常适合结合EAFP模式和duck-typing:

try:
  cs = x.cleanupSet
except AttributeError:
  pass
else:
  for v in cs:
    v.cleanup()

您可能认为naïve代码是好的:

try:
  for v in x.cleanupSet:
    v.clenaup()
except AttributeError:
  pass

这是在代码中意外隐藏严重错误的好方法。我在那里输入了清理，但是让我知道的AttributeError正在被吞噬。更糟糕的是，如果我写对了，但清理方法偶尔被传递一个具有错误命名属性的用户类型，导致它在中途无声地失败并留下一个未关闭的文件，会怎样?祝你在调试时好运。

我发现它非常有用，当你有清理工作要做，即使有例外:

try:
    data = something_that_can_go_wrong()
except Exception as e: # yes, I know that's a bad way to do it...
    handle_exception(e)
else:
    do_stuff(data)
finally:
    clean_up()

else:块令人困惑并且(几乎)毫无用处。它也是for和while语句的一部分。

实际上，即使在if语句中，else:也可能被滥用，造成非常难以发现的错误。

考虑这一点。

   if a < 10:
       # condition stated explicitly
   elif a > 10 and b < 10:
       # condition confusing but at least explicit
   else:
       # Exactly what is true here?
       # Can be hard to reason out what condition is true

三思而后行。这通常是个问题。除非在if语句中，否则避免使用它，即使在if语句中，也要考虑记录else-条件，使其显式。

try:
    statements # statements that can raise exceptions
except:
    statements # statements that will be executed to handle exceptions
else:
    statements # statements that will be executed if there is no exception

例子:

try:
    age=int(input('Enter your age: '))
except:
    print ('You have entered an invalid value.')
else:
    if age <= 21:
        print('You are not allowed to enter, you are too young.')
    else:
        print('Welcome, you are old enough.')

输出:

>>> 
Enter your age: a
You have entered an invalid value.
>>> RESTART
>>> 
Enter your age: 25
Welcome, you are old enough.
>>> RESTART
>>> 
Enter your age: 13
You are not allowed to enter, you are too young.
>>> 

复制自:https://geek-university.com/python/the-try-except-else-statements/

Python try-else try语句的可选else子句的预期用途是什么?

其预期用途是，如果没有预期要处理的异常，则为运行更多代码提供上下文。

这个上下文避免意外处理您没有预料到的错误。

但是理解导致else子句运行的确切条件非常重要，因为return、continue和break可以中断到else的控制流。

总之

如果没有异常，并且没有被return、continue或break语句中断，else语句将运行。

其他答案忽略了最后一部分。

从文档中可以看出:

类型的控件流出时，执行可选的else子句 try子句结束

(粗体)。脚注写道:

*目前，控制“从末端流出”，除非在 异常或return、continue或break语句的执行。

它至少需要一个except子句(参见语法)。所以它实际上不是“try-else”，而是“try-except-else(-finally)”，其中else(和finally)是可选的。

Python教程详细说明了预期的用法:

The try ... except statement has an optional else clause, which, when present, must follow all except clauses. It is useful for code that must be executed if the try clause does not raise an exception. For example: for arg in sys.argv[1:]: try: f = open(arg, 'r') except IOError: print 'cannot open', arg else: print arg, 'has', len(f.readlines()), 'lines' f.close() The use of the else clause is better than adding additional code to the try clause because it avoids accidentally catching an exception that wasn’t raised by the code being protected by the try ... except statement.

示例区分else和try块后面的代码

如果处理错误，else块将不会运行。例如:

def handle_error():
    try:
        raise RuntimeError('oops!')
    except RuntimeError as error:
        print('handled a RuntimeError, no big deal.')
    else:
        print('if this prints, we had no error!') # won't print!
    print('And now we have left the try block!')  # will print!

现在,

>>> handle_error()
handled a RuntimeError, no big deal.
And now we have left the try block!

就是这样。try-except子句中的'else'块用于当(且仅当)被试操作成功时运行的代码。它可以被利用，也可以被滥用。

try:
    fp= open("configuration_file", "rb")
except EnvironmentError:
    confdata= '' # it's ok if the file can't be opened
else:
    confdata= fp.read()
    fp.close()

# your code continues here
# working with (possibly empty) confdata

就我个人而言，我喜欢它，并在适当的时候使用它。它在语义上对语句进行分组。