就是这样。try-except子句中的'else'块用于当(且仅当)被试操作成功时运行的代码。它可以被利用，也可以被滥用。

try:
    fp= open("configuration_file", "rb")
except EnvironmentError:
    confdata= '' # it's ok if the file can't be opened
else:
    confdata= fp.read()
    fp.close()

# your code continues here
# working with (possibly empty) confdata

就我个人而言，我喜欢它，并在适当的时候使用它。它在语义上对语句进行分组。

我能想到的一种使用场景是不可预测的异常，如果您再次尝试，可以避免这种异常。例如，当try块中的操作涉及随机数时:

while True:
    try:
        r = random.random()
        some_operation_that_fails_for_specific_r(r)
    except Exception:
        continue
    else:
        break

但是如果可以预测异常，则应该始终在异常之前选择验证。然而，并不是所有的事情都可以预测，所以这种代码模式有它的一席之地。

假设您的编程逻辑取决于字典中是否有具有给定键的条目。你可以使用if…来测试dict.get(key)的结果。其他的……或者你可以这样做:

try:
    val = dic[key]
except KeyError:
    do_some_stuff()
else:
    do_some_stuff_with_val(val)

也许它的用法是:

#debug = []

def debuglog(text, obj=None):
    " Simple little logger. "
    try:
        debug   # does global exist?
    except NameError:
        pass    # if not, don't even bother displaying
    except:
        print('Unknown cause. Debug debuglog().')
    else:
        # debug does exist.
        # Now test if you want to log this debug message
        # from caller "obj"
        try:
            if obj in debug:
                print(text)     # stdout
        except TypeError:
            print('The global "debug" flag should be an iterable.')
        except:
            print('Unknown cause. Debug debuglog().')

def myfunc():
    debuglog('Made it to myfunc()', myfunc)

debug = [myfunc,]
myfunc()

也许这对你也有帮助。

我将添加另一个用例，在处理DB会话时看起来很直接:

    # getting a DB connection 
    conn = db.engine.connect()

    # and binding to a DB session
    session = db.get_session(bind=conn)

    try:
        # we build the query to DB
        q = session.query(MyTable).filter(MyTable.col1 == 'query_val')

        # i.e retrieve one row
        data_set = q.one_or_none()

        # return results
        return [{'col1': data_set.col1, 'col2': data_set.col2, ...}]

    except:
        # here we make sure to rollback the transaction, 
        # handy when we update stuff into DB
        session.rollback()
        raise

    else:
        # when no errors then we can commit DB changes
        session.commit()

    finally:
        # and finally we can close the session
        session.close()

可以在finally子句中以通用的方式使用此构造来处理异常，而在没有异常时执行其他操作:

class TooManyRetries(RuntimeError):
    pass


n_tries = 0
max_retries = 2
while True:
    try:
        n_tries += 1
        if n_tries >= max_retries:
            raise TooManyRetries
        fail_prone_operation()
    except Exception1 as ex:
        # handle1
    except Exception2 as ex:
        # handle2
    except Exception3 as ex:
        # handle3
    except TooManyRetries as ex:
        raise
    else: # No exception
        n_tries = 0
    finally:
        common_restore_state()
        continue