else:块令人困惑并且(几乎)毫无用处。它也是for和while语句的一部分。

实际上，即使在if语句中，else:也可能被滥用，造成非常难以发现的错误。

考虑这一点。

   if a < 10:
       # condition stated explicitly
   elif a > 10 and b < 10:
       # condition confusing but at least explicit
   else:
       # Exactly what is true here?
       # Can be hard to reason out what condition is true

三思而后行。这通常是个问题。除非在if语句中，否则避免使用它，即使在if语句中，也要考虑记录else-条件，使其显式。

一种用法:测试一些应该引发异常的代码。

try:
    this_should_raise_TypeError()
except TypeError:
    pass
except:
    assert False, "Raised the wrong exception type"
else:
    assert False, "Didn't raise any exception"

(在实践中，这段代码应该被抽象为更通用的测试。)

查看Python引用，当没有异常时，else似乎在try之后执行。 当控制流出try子句的末尾时，执行可选的else子句。else子句中的异常不由前面的except子句处理。

Dive into python有一个例子，如果我理解正确的话，在try块中他们尝试导入一个模块，当失败时，你会得到异常并绑定默认值，但当它工作时，你可以选择进入else块并绑定所需的内容(参见示例和解释链接)。

如果你试图在catch块中工作，它可能会抛出另一个异常——我想这就是else块派上用场的地方。

可以在finally子句中以通用的方式使用此构造来处理异常，而在没有异常时执行其他操作:

class TooManyRetries(RuntimeError):
    pass


n_tries = 0
max_retries = 2
while True:
    try:
        n_tries += 1
        if n_tries >= max_retries:
            raise TooManyRetries
        fail_prone_operation()
    except Exception1 as ex:
        # handle1
    except Exception2 as ex:
        # handle2
    except Exception3 as ex:
        # handle3
    except TooManyRetries as ex:
        raise
    else: # No exception
        n_tries = 0
    finally:
        common_restore_state()
        continue

    

我将添加另一个用例，在处理DB会话时看起来很直接:

    # getting a DB connection 
    conn = db.engine.connect()

    # and binding to a DB session
    session = db.get_session(bind=conn)

    try:
        # we build the query to DB
        q = session.query(MyTable).filter(MyTable.col1 == 'query_val')

        # i.e retrieve one row
        data_set = q.one_or_none()

        # return results
        return [{'col1': data_set.col1, 'col2': data_set.col2, ...}]

    except:
        # here we make sure to rollback the transaction, 
        # handy when we update stuff into DB
        session.rollback()
        raise

    else:
        # when no errors then we can commit DB changes
        session.commit()

    finally:
        # and finally we can close the session
        session.close()

我已经找到了…Else:在运行数据库查询并将这些查询的结果记录到相同风格/类型的单独数据库的情况下，构造非常有用。假设我有很多工作线程，它们都处理提交给队列的数据库查询

#in a long running loop
try:
    query = queue.get()
    conn = connect_to_db(<main db>)
    curs = conn.cursor()
    try:
        curs.execute("<some query on user input that may fail even if sanitized">)
    except DBError:
        logconn = connect_to_db(<logging db>)
        logcurs = logconn.cursor()
        logcurs.execute("<update in DB log with record of failed query")
        logcurs.close()
        logconn.close()
    else:

        #we can't put this in main try block because an error connecting
        #to the logging DB would be indistinguishable from an error in 
        #the mainquery 

        #We can't put this after the whole try: except: finally: block
        #because then we don't know if the query was successful or not

        logconn = connect_to_db(<logging db>)
        logcurs = logconn.cursor()
        logcurs.execute("<update in DB log with record of successful query")
        logcurs.close()
        logconn.close()
        #do something in response to successful query
except DBError:
    #This DBError is because of a problem with the logging database, but 
    #we can't let that crash the whole thread over what might be a
    #temporary network glitch
finally:
    curs.close()
    conn.close()
    #other cleanup if necessary like telling the queue the task is finished

当然，如果您能够区分可能抛出的异常，则不必使用这种方法，但是如果代码对成功的代码段的响应可能会抛出与成功的代码段相同的异常，并且您不能让第二个可能的异常消失，或者在成功时立即返回(在我的例子中，这会杀死线程)，那么这种方法就会派上用场。