最好的方法取决于函数和参数。你的每个选择在不同的情况下都是一个好主意。我通常按照以下顺序尝试这些方法，直到其中一个有效为止:

Using optional arguments like y = y || 'default'. This is convenient if you can do it, but it may not always work practically, e.g. when 0/null/undefined would be a valid argument. Using number of arguments. Similar to the last option but may work when #1 doesn't work. Checking types of arguments. This can work in some cases where the number of arguments is the same. If you can't reliably determine the types, you may need to use different names. Using different names in the first place. You may need to do this if the other options won't work, aren't practical, or for consistency with other related functions.

我不确定最佳实践，但我是这样做的:

/*
 * Object Constructor
 */
var foo = function(x) {
    this.x = x;
};

/*
 * Object Protoype
 */
foo.prototype = {
    /*
     * f is the name that is going to be used to call the various overloaded versions
     */
    f: function() {

        /*
         * Save 'this' in order to use it inside the overloaded functions
         * because there 'this' has a different meaning.
         */   
        var that = this;  

        /* 
         * Define three overloaded functions
         */
        var f1 = function(arg1) {
            console.log("f1 called with " + arg1);
            return arg1 + that.x;
        }

        var f2 = function(arg1, arg2) {
             console.log("f2 called with " + arg1 + " and " + arg2);
             return arg1 + arg2 + that.x;
        }

        var f3 = function(arg1) {
             console.log("f3 called with [" + arg1[0] + ", " + arg1[1] + "]");
             return arg1[0] + arg1[1];
        }

        /*
         * Use the arguments array-like object to decide which function to execute when calling f(...)
         */
        if (arguments.length === 1 && !Array.isArray(arguments[0])) {
            return f1(arguments[0]);
        } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
            return f2(arguments[0], arguments[1]);
        } else if (arguments.length === 1 && Array.isArray(arguments[0])) {
            return f3(arguments[0]);
        }
    } 
}

/* 
 * Instantiate an object
 */
var obj = new foo("z");

/*
 * Call the overloaded functions using f(...)
 */
console.log(obj.f("x"));         // executes f1, returns "xz"
console.log(obj.f("x", "y"));    // executes f2, returns "xyz"
console.log(obj.f(["x", "y"]));  // executes f3, returns "xy"

JavaScript中没有真正的函数重载，因为它允许传递任意数量的任意类型的参数。你必须检查函数内部传递了多少参数以及它们的类型。

在100行JS中通过动态多态性重载函数

VanillaJS，没有外部依赖 全浏览器支持- Array.prototype。片,Object.prototype.toString 1114字节uglify'd / 744字节g-zip

这是来自一个更大的代码体，其中包括isFn, isArr等类型检查函数。下面的VanillaJS版本已经被重做，删除了所有的外部依赖，但是你必须定义自己的类型检查函数，以便在.add()调用中使用。

注意:这是一个自动执行的函数(所以我们可以有一个闭包/封闭的作用域)，因此分配给窗口。重载而不是函数重载(){…}。

window.overload = function () {
    "use strict"

    var a_fnOverloads = [],
        _Object_prototype_toString = Object.prototype.toString
    ;

    function isFn(f) {
        return (_Object_prototype_toString.call(f) === '[object Function]');
    } //# isFn

    function isObj(o) {
        return !!(o && o === Object(o));
    } //# isObj

    function isArr(a) {
        return (_Object_prototype_toString.call(a) === '[object Array]');
    } //# isArr

    function mkArr(a) {
        return Array.prototype.slice.call(a);
    } //# mkArr

    function fnCall(fn, vContext, vArguments) {
        //# <ES5 Support for array-like objects
        //#     See: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function/apply#Browser_compatibility
        vArguments = (isArr(vArguments) ? vArguments : mkArr(vArguments));

        if (isFn(fn)) {
            return fn.apply(vContext || this, vArguments);
        }
    } //# fnCall

    //# 
    function registerAlias(fnOverload, fn, sAlias) {
        //# 
        if (sAlias && !fnOverload[sAlias]) {
            fnOverload[sAlias] = fn;
        }
    } //# registerAlias

    //# 
    function overload(vOptions) {
        var oData = (isFn(vOptions) ?
                { default: vOptions } :
                (isObj(vOptions) ?
                    vOptions :
                    {
                        default: function (/*arguments*/) {
                            throw "Overload not found for arguments: [" + mkArr(arguments) + "]";
                        }
                    }
                )
            ),
            fnOverload = function (/*arguments*/) {
                var oEntry, i, j,
                    a = arguments,
                    oArgumentTests = oData[a.length] || []
                ;

                //# Traverse the oArgumentTests for the number of passed a(rguments), defaulting the oEntry at the beginning of each loop
                for (i = 0; i < oArgumentTests.length; i++) {
                    oEntry = oArgumentTests[i];

                    //# Traverse the passed a(rguments), if a .test for the current oArgumentTests fails, reset oEntry and fall from the a(rgument)s loop
                    for (j = 0; j < a.length; j++) {
                        if (!oArgumentTests[i].tests[j](a[j])) {
                            oEntry = undefined;
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    //# If all of the a(rgument)s passed the .tests we found our oEntry, so break from the oArgumentTests loop
                    if (oEntry) {
                        break;
                    }
                }

                //# If we found our oEntry above, .fn.call its .fn
                if (oEntry) {
                    oEntry.calls++;
                    return fnCall(oEntry.fn, this, a);
                }
                //# Else we were unable to find a matching oArgumentTests oEntry, so .fn.call our .default
                else {
                    return fnCall(oData.default, this, a);
                }
            } //# fnOverload
        ;

        //# 
        fnOverload.add = function (fn, a_vArgumentTests, sAlias) {
            var i,
                bValid = isFn(fn),
                iLen = (isArr(a_vArgumentTests) ? a_vArgumentTests.length : 0)
            ;

            //# 
            if (bValid) {
                //# Traverse the a_vArgumentTests, processinge each to ensure they are functions (or references to )
                for (i = 0; i < iLen; i++) {
                    if (!isFn(a_vArgumentTests[i])) {
                        bValid = _false;
                    }
                }
            }

            //# If the a_vArgumentTests are bValid, set the info into oData under the a_vArgumentTests's iLen
            if (bValid) {
                oData[iLen] = oData[iLen] || [];
                oData[iLen].push({
                    fn: fn,
                    tests: a_vArgumentTests,
                    calls: 0
                });

                //# 
                registerAlias(fnOverload, fn, sAlias);

                return fnOverload;
            }
            //# Else one of the passed arguments was not bValid, so throw the error
            else {
                throw "poly.overload: All tests must be functions or strings referencing `is.*`.";
            }
        }; //# overload*.add

        //# 
        fnOverload.list = function (iArgumentCount) {
            return (arguments.length > 0 ? oData[iArgumentCount] || [] : oData);
        }; //# overload*.list

        //# 
        a_fnOverloads.push(fnOverload);
        registerAlias(fnOverload, oData.default, "default");

        return fnOverload;
    } //# overload

    //# 
    overload.is = function (fnTarget) {
        return (a_fnOverloads.indexOf(fnTarget) > -1);
    } //# overload.is

    return overload;
}();

用法:

调用者通过将变量赋值给overload()的返回值来定义重载函数。多亏了链接，额外的重载可以按顺序定义:

var myOverloadedFn = overload(function(){ console.log("default", arguments) })
    .add(function(){ console.log("noArgs", arguments) }, [], "noArgs")
    .add(function(){ console.log("str", arguments) }, [function(s){ return typeof s === 'string' }], "str")
;

overload()的一个可选参数定义了在无法识别签名时调用的“default”函数。.add()的参数是:

Fn:定义重载的函数; a_vArgumentTests:定义要在参数上运行的测试的函数数组。每个函数接受一个参数，并根据参数是否有效返回true; sAlias(可选):定义直接访问重载函数(fn)的别名的字符串，例如myoverloadfn . noargs()将直接调用该函数，避免参数的动态多态测试。

这个实现实际上允许的不仅仅是传统的函数重载，因为.add()的第二个a_vArgumentTests参数在实践中定义了自定义类型。因此，您不仅可以基于类型，还可以基于范围、值或值的集合来对参数进行门控!

如果查看重载()的145行代码，就会发现每个签名都是根据传递给它的参数的数量进行分类的。这样做是为了限制正在运行的测试的数量。我还会记录通话次数。使用一些额外的代码，重载函数的数组可以重新排序，以便首先测试更常调用的函数，这再次增加了一些性能增强措施。

现在，有一些警告……由于Javascript是松散类型的，所以你必须小心使用vArgumentTests，因为整数可能会被验证为浮点数，等等。

JSCompress.com版本(1114字节，744字节g-zip):

window.overload=function(){'use strict';function b(n){return'[object Function]'===m.call(n)}function c(n){return!!(n&&n===Object(n))}function d(n){return'[object Array]'===m.call(n)}function e(n){return Array.prototype.slice.call(n)}function g(n,p,q){if(q=d(q)?q:e(q),b(n))return n.apply(p||this,q)}function h(n,p,q){q&&!n[q]&&(n[q]=p)}function k(n){var p=b(n)?{default:n}:c(n)?n:{default:function(){throw'Overload not found for arguments: ['+e(arguments)+']'}},q=function(){var r,s,t,u=arguments,v=p[u.length]||[];for(s=0;s<v.length;s++){for(r=v[s],t=0;t<u.length;t++)if(!v[s].tests[t](u[t])){r=void 0;break}if(r)break}return r?(r.calls++,g(r.fn,this,u)):g(p.default,this,u)};return q.add=function(r,s,t){var u,v=b(r),w=d(s)?s.length:0;if(v)for(u=0;u<w;u++)b(s[u])||(v=_false);if(v)return p[w]=p[w]||[],p[w].push({fn:r,tests:s,calls:0}),h(q,r,t),q;throw'poly.overload: All tests must be functions or strings referencing `is.*`.'},q.list=function(r){return 0<arguments.length?p[r]||[]:p},l.push(q),h(q,p.default,'default'),q}var l=[],m=Object.prototype.toString;return k.is=function(n){return-1<l.indexOf(n)},k}();

最好的方法取决于函数和参数。你的每个选择在不同的情况下都是一个好主意。我通常按照以下顺序尝试这些方法，直到其中一个有效为止:

Using optional arguments like y = y || 'default'. This is convenient if you can do it, but it may not always work practically, e.g. when 0/null/undefined would be a valid argument. Using number of arguments. Similar to the last option but may work when #1 doesn't work. Checking types of arguments. This can work in some cases where the number of arguments is the same. If you can't reliably determine the types, you may need to use different names. Using different names in the first place. You may need to do this if the other options won't work, aren't practical, or for consistency with other related functions.

有两种方法可以更好地解决这个问题:

如果您希望保留很大的灵活性，则传递一个字典(关联数组) 将一个对象作为参数，并使用基于原型的继承来增加灵活性。