最好的方法取决于函数和参数。你的每个选择在不同的情况下都是一个好主意。我通常按照以下顺序尝试这些方法，直到其中一个有效为止:

Using optional arguments like y = y || 'default'. This is convenient if you can do it, but it may not always work practically, e.g. when 0/null/undefined would be a valid argument. Using number of arguments. Similar to the last option but may work when #1 doesn't work. Checking types of arguments. This can work in some cases where the number of arguments is the same. If you can't reliably determine the types, you may need to use different names. Using different names in the first place. You may need to do this if the other options won't work, aren't practical, or for consistency with other related functions.

对于你的用例，这是我用ES6解决它的方法(因为它已经是2017年底了):

const foo = (x, y, z) => {
  if (y && z) {
    // Do your foo(x, y, z); functionality
    return output;
  }
  // Do your foo(x); functionality
  return output;
}

显然，您可以将其用于任何数量的参数，并相应地更改条件语句。

我正在做一个库，提供类的代码功能，Javascript，目前它支持构造函数，继承，方法重载参数的数量和参数的类型，混合，静态属性和单例。

请参阅使用该库的方法重载示例:

eutsiv.define('My.Class', {
    constructor: function() {
        this.y = 2;
    },
    x: 3,
    sum: function() {
        return this.x + this.y;
    },
    overloads: {
        value: [
            function() { return this.x + ', ' + this.y },
            function(p1) { this.x = p1; },
            function(p1, p2) { this.x = p1; this.y = p2; }  // will set x and y
        ]
    }
});

var test = new My.Class({ x: 5 });   // create the object
test.value();                        // will return '5, 2'
test.sum();                          // will return 7
test.value(13);                      // will set x to 13
test.value();                        // will return '13, 2'
test.sum();                          // will return 15
test.value(10, 20);                  // will set x to 10 and y to 20
test.value();                        // will return '10, 20'
test.sum();                          // will return 30

欢迎任何反馈，bug修复，文档和测试改进!

https://github.com/eutsiv/eutsiv.js

对于函数重载，可以这样做。

function addCSS(el, prop, val) {
  return {
    2: function() {
      // when two arguments are set
      // now prop is an oject
      for (var i in prop) {
          el.style[i] = prop[i];
      }
    },
    3: function() {
      // when three arguments are set
      el.style[prop] = val;
    }
    }[arguments.length]();
}
// usage
var el = document.getElementById("demo");
addCSS(el, "color", "blue");
addCSS(el, {
    "backgroundColor": "black",
  "padding": "10px"
});

源

在JS中没有实际的重载，无论如何我们仍然可以用几种方式模拟方法重载:

方法# 1: 使用对象

function test(x,options){
  if("a" in options)doSomething();
  else if("b" in options)doSomethingElse();
}
test("ok",{a:1});
test("ok",{b:"string"});

方法# 2: 使用rest (spread)参数

function test(x,...p){
 if(p[2])console.log("3 params passed"); //or if(typeof p[2]=="string")
else if (p[1])console.log("2 params passed");
else console.log("1 param passed");
}

方法# 3: 使用未定义的

function test(x, y, z){
 if(typeof(z)=="undefined")doSomething();
}

方法# 4: 类型检查

function test(x){
 if(typeof(x)=="string")console.log("a string passed")
 else ...
}

因为这篇文章已经包含了很多不同的解决方案，所以我想再发一个。

function onlyUnique(value, index, self) {
    return self.indexOf(value) === index;
}

function overload() {
   var functions = arguments;
   var nroffunctionsarguments = [arguments.length];
    for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
        nroffunctionsarguments[i] = arguments[i].length;
    }
    var unique = nroffunctionsarguments.filter(onlyUnique);
    if (unique.length === arguments.length) {
        return function () {
            var indexoffunction = nroffunctionsarguments.indexOf(arguments.length);
            return functions[indexoffunction].apply(this, arguments);
        }
    }
    else throw new TypeError("There are multiple functions with the same number of parameters");

}

这可以使用如下所示:

var createVector = overload(
        function (length) {
            return { x: length / 1.414, y: length / 1.414 };
        },
        function (a, b) {
            return { x: a, y: b };
        },
        function (a, b,c) {
            return { x: a, y: b, z:c};
        }
    );
console.log(createVector(3, 4));
console.log(createVector(3, 4,5));
console.log(createVector(7.07));

这个解决方案不是完美的，但我只想演示它是如何做到的。