我不确定最佳实践，但我是这样做的:

/*
 * Object Constructor
 */
var foo = function(x) {
    this.x = x;
};

/*
 * Object Protoype
 */
foo.prototype = {
    /*
     * f is the name that is going to be used to call the various overloaded versions
     */
    f: function() {

        /*
         * Save 'this' in order to use it inside the overloaded functions
         * because there 'this' has a different meaning.
         */   
        var that = this;  

        /* 
         * Define three overloaded functions
         */
        var f1 = function(arg1) {
            console.log("f1 called with " + arg1);
            return arg1 + that.x;
        }

        var f2 = function(arg1, arg2) {
             console.log("f2 called with " + arg1 + " and " + arg2);
             return arg1 + arg2 + that.x;
        }

        var f3 = function(arg1) {
             console.log("f3 called with [" + arg1[0] + ", " + arg1[1] + "]");
             return arg1[0] + arg1[1];
        }

        /*
         * Use the arguments array-like object to decide which function to execute when calling f(...)
         */
        if (arguments.length === 1 && !Array.isArray(arguments[0])) {
            return f1(arguments[0]);
        } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
            return f2(arguments[0], arguments[1]);
        } else if (arguments.length === 1 && Array.isArray(arguments[0])) {
            return f3(arguments[0]);
        }
    } 
}

/* 
 * Instantiate an object
 */
var obj = new foo("z");

/*
 * Call the overloaded functions using f(...)
 */
console.log(obj.f("x"));         // executes f1, returns "xz"
console.log(obj.f("x", "y"));    // executes f2, returns "xyz"
console.log(obj.f(["x", "y"]));  // executes f3, returns "xy"

我经常这样做:

C#:

public string CatStrings(string p1)                  {return p1;}
public string CatStrings(string p1, int p2)          {return p1+p2.ToString();}
public string CatStrings(string p1, int p2, bool p3) {return p1+p2.ToString()+p3.ToString();}

CatStrings("one");        // result = one
CatStrings("one",2);      // result = one2
CatStrings("one",2,true); // result = one2true

JavaScript相当于:

function CatStrings(p1, p2, p3)
{
  var s = p1;
  if(typeof p2 !== "undefined") {s += p2;}
  if(typeof p3 !== "undefined") {s += p3;}
  return s;
};

CatStrings("one");        // result = one
CatStrings("one",2);      // result = one2
CatStrings("one",2,true); // result = one2true

This particular example is actually more elegant in javascript than C#. Parameters which are not specified are 'undefined' in javascript, which evaluates to false in an if statement. However, the function definition does not convey the information that p2 and p3 are optional. If you need a lot of overloading, jQuery has decided to use an object as the parameter, for example, jQuery.ajax(options). I agree with them that this is the most powerful and clearly documentable approach to overloading, but I rarely need more than one or two quick optional parameters.

编辑:根据Ian的建议更改IF测试

看看这个。它很酷。 http://ejohn.org/blog/javascript-method-overloading/ 技巧Javascript，让你做这样的调用:

var users = new Users();
users.find(); // Finds all
users.find("John"); // Finds users by name
users.find("John", "Resig"); // Finds users by first and last name

Typescript手册提到了重载。虽然前面已经提到过检查类型和根据结果执行不同的逻辑，但这种定义多个命名函数来使用类型系统的方法可能会让读者感兴趣。下面是TypeScript如何实现创建一个接受多种类型参数的函数，这些参数将指导函数逻辑根据传入的参数和类型做不同的事情:

答案是为同一个函数提供多个函数类型作为重载列表。这个列表是编译器用来解析函数调用的。让我们创建一个重载列表，用来描述pickCard接收和返回的内容。

let suits = ["hearts", "spades", "clubs", "diamonds"];

function pickCard(x: { suit: string; card: number }[]): number;
function pickCard(x: number): { suit: string; card: number };
function pickCard(x: any): any {
  // Check to see if we're working with an object/array
  // if so, they gave us the deck and we'll pick the card
  if (typeof x == "object") {
    let pickedCard = Math.floor(Math.random() * x.length);
    return pickedCard;
  }
  // Otherwise just let them pick the card
  else if (typeof x == "number") {
    let pickedSuit = Math.floor(x / 13);
    return { suit: suits[pickedSuit], card: x % 13 };
  }
}

let myDeck = [
  { suit: "diamonds", card: 2 },
  { suit: "spades", card: 10 },
  { suit: "hearts", card: 4 },
];

let pickedCard1 = myDeck[pickCard(myDeck)];
alert("card: " + pickedCard1.card + " of " + pickedCard1.suit);

let pickedCard2 = pickCard(15);
alert("card: " + pickedCard2.card + " of " + pickedCard2.suit);

有了这个更改，重载现在为我们提供了对pickCard函数的类型检查调用。

为了让编译器选择正确的类型检查，它遵循与底层JavaScript类似的过程。它查看重载列表，然后继续执行第一个重载，尝试使用提供的参数调用函数。如果找到匹配项，则选择此重载作为正确的重载。出于这个原因，通常按照最特定到最不特定的顺序对重载进行排序。

注意，函数pickCard(x):任何块都不是重载列表的一部分，因此它只有两个重载:一个接受对象，另一个接受数字。用任何其他参数类型调用pickCard都会导致错误。

如果我需要一个函数与两个使用foo(x)和foo(x,y,z)哪种是最好的/首选的方式?

问题是JavaScript本身不支持方法重载。因此，如果它看到/解析了两个或多个同名的函数，它只会考虑最后定义的函数，并覆盖之前的函数。

我认为适用于大多数情况的一种方法是

假设你有方法

function foo(x)
{
} 

而不是重载方法，这在javascript中是不可能的，你可以定义一个新的方法

fooNew(x,y,z)
{
}

然后将第一个函数修改为-

function foo(arguments)
{
  if(arguments.length==2)
  {
     return fooNew(arguments[0],  arguments[1]);
  }
} 

如果你有很多这样的重载方法，考虑使用switch而不是If -else语句。

你可以使用John Resig的addMethod。使用此方法，您可以根据参数计数“重载”方法。

// addMethod - By John Resig (MIT Licensed)
function addMethod(object, name, fn){
    var old = object[ name ];
    object[ name ] = function(){
        if ( fn.length == arguments.length )
            return fn.apply( this, arguments );
        else if ( typeof old == 'function' )
            return old.apply( this, arguments );
    };
}

我还创建了该方法的替代方法，使用缓存来保存函数的变体。这里描述了不同之处

// addMethod - By Stavros Ioannidis
function addMethod(obj, name, fn) {
  obj[name] = obj[name] || function() {
    // get the cached method with arguments.length arguments
    var method = obj[name].cache[arguments.length];

    // if method exists call it 
    if ( !! method)
      return method.apply(this, arguments);
    else throw new Error("Wrong number of arguments");
  };

  // initialize obj[name].cache
  obj[name].cache = obj[name].cache || {};

  // Check if a method with the same number of arguments exists  
  if ( !! obj[name].cache[fn.length])
    throw new Error("Cannot define multiple '" + name +
      "' methods with the same number of arguments!");

  // cache the method with fn.length arguments
  obj[name].cache[fn.length] = function() {
    return fn.apply(this, arguments);
  };
}