另一种方法是使用特殊的变量:arguments，这是一个实现:

function sum() {
    var x = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; ++i) {
        x += arguments[i];
    }
    return x;
}

所以你可以修改这段代码:

function sum(){
    var s = 0;
    if (typeof arguments[0] !== "undefined") s += arguments[0];
.
.
.
    return s;
}

我经常这样做:

C#:

public string CatStrings(string p1)                  {return p1;}
public string CatStrings(string p1, int p2)          {return p1+p2.ToString();}
public string CatStrings(string p1, int p2, bool p3) {return p1+p2.ToString()+p3.ToString();}

CatStrings("one");        // result = one
CatStrings("one",2);      // result = one2
CatStrings("one",2,true); // result = one2true

JavaScript相当于:

function CatStrings(p1, p2, p3)
{
  var s = p1;
  if(typeof p2 !== "undefined") {s += p2;}
  if(typeof p3 !== "undefined") {s += p3;}
  return s;
};

CatStrings("one");        // result = one
CatStrings("one",2);      // result = one2
CatStrings("one",2,true); // result = one2true

This particular example is actually more elegant in javascript than C#. Parameters which are not specified are 'undefined' in javascript, which evaluates to false in an if statement. However, the function definition does not convey the information that p2 and p3 are optional. If you need a lot of overloading, jQuery has decided to use an object as the parameter, for example, jQuery.ajax(options). I agree with them that this is the most powerful and clearly documentable approach to overloading, but I rarely need more than one or two quick optional parameters.

编辑:根据Ian的建议更改IF测试

用形参重载函数的最好方法不是检查实参长度或类型;检查类型只会让你的代码变慢，你可以享受数组、空值、对象等的乐趣。

大多数开发人员所做的是将一个对象作为方法的最后一个参数。这个物体可以装任何东西。

function foo(a, b, opts) {
  // ...
  if (opts['test']) { } //if test param exists, do something.. 
}


foo(1, 2, {"method":"add"});
foo(3, 4, {"test":"equals", "bar":"tree"});

然后你可以在你的方法中任意处理它。[开关，if-else，等等]

我喜欢@AntouanK的方法。我经常发现自己提供了一个具有不同数量参数和不同类型的函数。有时他们不服从命令。我用来映射查找参数类型:

findUDPServers: function(socketProperties, success, error) {
    var fqnMap = [];

    fqnMap['undefined'] = fqnMap['function'] = function(success, error) {
        var socketProperties = {name:'HELLO_SERVER'};

        this.searchServers(socketProperties, success, error);
    };

    fqnMap['object'] = function(socketProperties, success, error) {
        var _socketProperties = _.merge({name:'HELLO_SERVER'}, socketProperties || {});

        this.searchServers(_socketProperties, success, error);
    };

    fqnMap[typeof arguments[0]].apply(this, arguments);
}

最好的方法取决于函数和参数。你的每个选择在不同的情况下都是一个好主意。我通常按照以下顺序尝试这些方法，直到其中一个有效为止:

Using optional arguments like y = y || 'default'. This is convenient if you can do it, but it may not always work practically, e.g. when 0/null/undefined would be a valid argument. Using number of arguments. Similar to the last option but may work when #1 doesn't work. Checking types of arguments. This can work in some cases where the number of arguments is the same. If you can't reliably determine the types, you may need to use different names. Using different names in the first place. You may need to do this if the other options won't work, aren't practical, or for consistency with other related functions.

有两种方法可以更好地解决这个问题:

如果您希望保留很大的灵活性，则传递一个字典(关联数组) 将一个对象作为参数，并使用基于原型的继承来增加灵活性。