由于Java泛型的实现,你不能有这样的代码:
public class GenSet<E> {
private E a[];
public GenSet() {
a = new E[INITIAL_ARRAY_LENGTH]; // error: generic array creation
}
}
如何在保持类型安全的同时实现这一点?
我在Java论坛上看到一个解决方案是这样的:
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
class Stack<T> {
public Stack(Class<T> clazz, int capacity) {
array = (T[])Array.newInstance(clazz, capacity);
}
private final T[] array;
}
但我真的不明白这是怎么回事。
我找到了一种快速简便的方法。注意,我只在Java JDK 8上使用了它。我不知道它是否能与以前的版本兼容。
虽然不能实例化特定类型参数的泛型数组,但可以将已经创建的数组传递给泛型类构造函数。
class GenArray <T> {
private T theArray[]; // reference array
// ...
GenArray(T[] arr) {
theArray = arr;
}
// Do whatever with the array...
}
现在在main中,我们可以像这样创建数组:
class GenArrayDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int size = 10; // array size
// Here we can instantiate the array of the type we want, say Character (no primitive types allowed in generics)
Character[] ar = new Character[size];
GenArray<Character> = new Character<>(ar); // create the generic Array
// ...
}
}
为了更灵活地使用数组,您可以使用链表。数组列表和在Java.util.ArrayList类中找到的其他方法。
要扩展到更多维度,只需将[]和维度参数添加到newInstance() (T是类型参数,cls是Class<T>, d1到d5是整数):
T[] array = (T[])Array.newInstance(cls, d1);
T[][] array = (T[][])Array.newInstance(cls, d1, d2);
T[][][] array = (T[][][])Array.newInstance(cls, d1, d2, d3);
T[][][][] array = (T[][][][])Array.newInstance(cls, d1, d2, d3, d4);
T[][][][][] array = (T[][][][][])Array.newInstance(cls, d1, d2, d3, d4, d5);
详情请参阅Array.newInstance()。
实际上,我找到了一个非常独特的解决方案来绕过无法初始化泛型数组的问题。你要做的是创建一个类,它接受泛型变量T,就像这样:
class GenericInvoker <T> {
T variable;
public GenericInvoker(T variable){
this.variable = variable;
}
}
然后在你的数组类中让它像这样开始:
GenericInvoker<T>[] array;
public MyArray(){
array = new GenericInvoker[];
}
启动一个新的泛型调用器[]将导致一个未检查的问题,但实际上不应该有任何问题。
要从数组中获取,你应该调用数组[i]。变量如下:
public T get(int index){
return array[index].variable;
}
剩下的,比如调整数组的大小可以用Arrays.copyOf()来完成,如下所示:
public void resize(int newSize){
array = Arrays.copyOf(array, newSize);
}
add函数可以这样添加:
public boolean add(T element){
// the variable size below is equal to how many times the add function has been called
// and is used to keep track of where to put the next variable in the array
arrays[size] = new GenericInvoker(element);
size++;
}
我必须反过来问一个问题:你的发电机组是“检查”还是“未检查”?
这是什么意思?
Checked: strong typing. GenSet knows explicitly what type of objects it contains (i.e. its constructor was explicitly called with a Class<E> argument, and methods will throw an exception when they are passed arguments that are not of type E. See Collections.checkedCollection.
-> in that case, you should write:
public class GenSet<E> {
private E[] a;
public GenSet(Class<E> c, int s) {
// Use Array native method to create array
// of a type only known at run time
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
final E[] a = (E[]) Array.newInstance(c, s);
this.a = a;
}
E get(int i) {
return a[i];
}
}
Unchecked: weak typing. No type checking is actually done on any of the objects passed as argument.
-> in that case, you should write
public class GenSet<E> {
private Object[] a;
public GenSet(int s) {
a = new Object[s];
}
E get(int i) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
final E e = (E) a[i];
return e;
}
}
Note that the component type of the array should be the erasure of the type parameter:
public class GenSet<E extends Foo> { // E has an upper bound of Foo
private Foo[] a; // E erases to Foo, so use Foo[]
public GenSet(int s) {
a = new Foo[s];
}
...
}
所有这些都是由于Java中泛型的一个已知且刻意的弱点:它是使用擦除来实现的,因此“泛型”类不知道它们在运行时是用什么类型参数创建的,因此不能提供类型安全,除非实现了一些显式机制(类型检查)。