将Throwable.getStackTrace()的结果转换为描述堆栈跟踪的字符串最简单的方法是什么?
当前回答
老问题,但我想补充一个特殊情况,即您不想打印所有堆栈,通过删除一些您实际上不感兴趣的部分,排除某些类或包。
使用SelectivePrintWriter代替PrintWriter:
// This filters out this package and up.
String packageNameToFilter = "org.springframework";
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
PrintWriter pw = new SelectivePrintWriter(sw, packageNameToFilter);
e.printStackTrace(pw);
String sStackTrace = sw.toString();
System.out.println(sStackTrace);
其中SelectivePrintWriter类由以下给出:
public class SelectivePrintWriter extends PrintWriter {
private boolean on = true;
private static final String AT = "\tat";
private String internal;
public SelectivePrintWriter(Writer out, String packageOrClassName) {
super(out);
internal = "\tat " + packageOrClassName;
}
public void println(Object obj) {
if (obj instanceof String) {
String txt = (String) obj;
if (!txt.startsWith(AT)) on = true;
else if (txt.startsWith(internal)) on = false;
if (on) super.println(txt);
} else {
super.println(obj);
}
}
}
请注意,这个类可能很容易被Regex、contains或其他条件过滤掉。还要注意,这取决于可丢弃的实现细节(不太可能改变,但仍然如此)。
其他回答
这应该是有效的:
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
e.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(sw));
String exceptionAsString = sw.toString();
我不久前写了一些方法,所以我想为什么不花我的两分钱。
/** @param stackTraceElements The elements to convert
* @return The resulting string */
public static final String stackTraceElementsToStr(StackTraceElement[] stackTraceElements) {
return stackTraceElementsToStr(stackTraceElements, "\n");
}
/** @param stackTraceElements The elements to convert
* @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
* @return The resulting string */
public static final String stackTraceElementsToStr(StackTraceElement[] stackTraceElements, String lineSeparator) {
return stackTraceElementsToStr(stackTraceElements, lineSeparator, "");
}
/** @param stackTraceElements The elements to convert
* @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
* @param padding The string to be used at the start of each line
* @return The resulting string */
public static final String stackTraceElementsToStr(StackTraceElement[] stackTraceElements, String lineSeparator, String padding) {
String str = "";
if(stackTraceElements != null) {
for(StackTraceElement stackTrace : stackTraceElements) {
str += padding + (!stackTrace.toString().startsWith("Caused By") ? "\tat " : "") + stackTrace.toString() + lineSeparator;
}
}
return str;
}
/** @param stackTraceElements The elements to convert
* @return The resulting string */
public static final String stackTraceCausedByElementsOnlyToStr(StackTraceElement[] stackTraceElements) {
return stackTraceCausedByElementsOnlyToStr(stackTraceElements, "\n");
}
/** @param stackTraceElements The elements to convert
* @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
* @return The resulting string */
public static final String stackTraceCausedByElementsOnlyToStr(StackTraceElement[] stackTraceElements, String lineSeparator) {
return stackTraceCausedByElementsOnlyToStr(stackTraceElements, lineSeparator, "");
}
/** @param stackTraceElements The elements to convert
* @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
* @param padding The string to be used at the start of each line
* @return The resulting string */
public static final String stackTraceCausedByElementsOnlyToStr(StackTraceElement[] stackTraceElements, String lineSeparator, String padding) {
String str = "";
if(stackTraceElements != null) {
for(StackTraceElement stackTrace : stackTraceElements) {
str += (!stackTrace.toString().startsWith("Caused By") ? "" : padding + stackTrace.toString() + lineSeparator);
}
}
return str;
}
/** @param e The {@link Throwable} to convert
* @return The resulting String */
public static final String throwableToStrNoStackTraces(Throwable e) {
return throwableToStrNoStackTraces(e, "\n");
}
/** @param e The {@link Throwable} to convert
* @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
* @return The resulting String */
public static final String throwableToStrNoStackTraces(Throwable e, String lineSeparator) {
return throwableToStrNoStackTraces(e, lineSeparator, "");
}
/** @param e The {@link Throwable} to convert
* @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
* @param padding The string to be used at the start of each line
* @return The resulting String */
public static final String throwableToStrNoStackTraces(Throwable e, String lineSeparator, String padding) {
if(e == null) {
return "null";
}
String str = e.getClass().getName() + ": ";
if((e.getMessage() != null) && !e.getMessage().isEmpty()) {
str += e.getMessage() + lineSeparator;
} else {
str += lineSeparator;
}
str += padding + stackTraceCausedByElementsOnlyToStr(e.getStackTrace(), lineSeparator, padding);
for(Throwable suppressed : e.getSuppressed()) {
str += padding + throwableToStrNoStackTraces(suppressed, lineSeparator, padding + "\t");
}
Throwable cause = e.getCause();
while(cause != null) {
str += padding + "Caused by:" + lineSeparator + throwableToStrNoStackTraces(e.getCause(), lineSeparator, padding);
cause = cause.getCause();
}
return str;
}
/** @param e The {@link Throwable} to convert
* @return The resulting String */
public static final String throwableToStr(Throwable e) {
return throwableToStr(e, "\n");
}
/** @param e The {@link Throwable} to convert
* @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
* @return The resulting String */
public static final String throwableToStr(Throwable e, String lineSeparator) {
return throwableToStr(e, lineSeparator, "");
}
/** @param e The {@link Throwable} to convert
* @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
* @param padding The string to be used at the start of each line
* @return The resulting String */
public static final String throwableToStr(Throwable e, String lineSeparator, String padding) {
if(e == null) {
return "null";
}
String str = padding + e.getClass().getName() + ": ";
if((e.getMessage() != null) && !e.getMessage().isEmpty()) {
str += e.getMessage() + lineSeparator;
} else {
str += lineSeparator;
}
str += padding + stackTraceElementsToStr(e.getStackTrace(), lineSeparator, padding);
for(Throwable suppressed : e.getSuppressed()) {
str += padding + "Suppressed: " + throwableToStr(suppressed, lineSeparator, padding + "\t");
}
Throwable cause = e.getCause();
while(cause != null) {
str += padding + "Caused by:" + lineSeparator + throwableToStr(e.getCause(), lineSeparator, padding);
cause = cause.getCause();
}
return str;
}
例子:
try(InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file)) {
...
} catch(IOException e) {
String exceptionToString = throwableToStr(e);
someLoggingUtility.println(exceptionToString);
...
}
打印:
java.io.FileNotFoundException: C:\test.txt (The system cannot find the file specified)
at java.io.FileInputStream.open0(Native Method)
at java.io.FileInputStream.open(Unknown Source)
at java.io.FileInputStream.<init>(Unknown Source)
at com.gmail.br45entei.Example.main(Example.java:32)
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.StringWriter;
public class PrintStackTrace {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
int division = 0 / 0;
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
e.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(sw));
String exceptionAsString = sw.toString();
System.out.println(exceptionAsString);
}
}
}
运行程序时,输出将类似:
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
at PrintStackTrace.main(PrintStackTrace.java:9)
如果你不想使用外部库,而且你不是为Android开发的,你可以创建这样的“扩展”方法:
public static String getStackTraceString(Throwable e) {
return getStackTraceString(e, "");
}
private static String getStackTraceString(Throwable e, String indent) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append(e.toString());
sb.append("\n");
StackTraceElement[] stack = e.getStackTrace();
if (stack != null) {
for (StackTraceElement stackTraceElement : stack) {
sb.append(indent);
sb.append("\tat ");
sb.append(stackTraceElement.toString());
sb.append("\n");
}
}
Throwable[] suppressedExceptions = e.getSuppressed();
// Print suppressed exceptions indented one level deeper.
if (suppressedExceptions != null) {
for (Throwable throwable : suppressedExceptions) {
sb.append(indent);
sb.append("\tSuppressed: ");
sb.append(getStackTraceString(throwable, indent + "\t"));
}
}
Throwable cause = e.getCause();
if (cause != null) {
sb.append(indent);
sb.append("Caused by: ");
sb.append(getStackTraceString(cause, indent));
}
return sb.toString();
}
对我来说,最干净、最简单的方法是:
import java.util.Arrays;
Arrays.toString(e.getStackTrace());
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