老问题，但我想补充一个特殊情况，即您不想打印所有堆栈，通过删除一些您实际上不感兴趣的部分，排除某些类或包。

使用SelectivePrintWriter代替PrintWriter：

// This filters out this package and up.
String packageNameToFilter = "org.springframework";

StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
PrintWriter pw = new SelectivePrintWriter(sw, packageNameToFilter);
e.printStackTrace(pw);
String sStackTrace = sw.toString(); 
System.out.println(sStackTrace);

其中SelectivePrintWriter类由以下给出：

public class SelectivePrintWriter extends PrintWriter {
    private boolean on = true;
    private static final String AT = "\tat";
    private String internal;

    public SelectivePrintWriter(Writer out, String packageOrClassName) {
        super(out);
        internal = "\tat " + packageOrClassName;
    }

    public void println(Object obj) {
        if (obj instanceof String) {
            String txt = (String) obj;
            if (!txt.startsWith(AT)) on = true;
            else if (txt.startsWith(internal)) on = false;
            if (on) super.println(txt);
        } else {
            super.println(obj);
        }
    }
}

请注意，这个类可能很容易被Regex、contains或其他条件过滤掉。还要注意，这取决于可丢弃的实现细节（不太可能改变，但仍然如此）。

对Gala的回答进行了详细分析，其中还将包括例外情况的原因：

private String extrapolateStackTrace(Exception ex) {
    Throwable e = ex;
    String trace = e.toString() + "\n";
    for (StackTraceElement e1 : e.getStackTrace()) {
        trace += "\t at " + e1.toString() + "\n";
    }
    while (e.getCause() != null) {
        e = e.getCause();
        trace += "Cause by: " + e.toString() + "\n";
        for (StackTraceElement e1 : e.getStackTrace()) {
            trace += "\t at " + e1.toString() + "\n";
        }
    }
    return trace;
}

选项很少

StringWriter sw=新StringWriter（）；e.printStackTrace（新的PrintWriter（sw））；字符串异常AsString=sw.toString（）；使用Google Guava libString stackTrace=Throwables.getStackTraceAsString（myException）；org.apache.commons.lang.exception.ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace（可丢弃）

Apache Commons Lang 3.4（JavaDoc）代码：

public static String getStackTrace(final Throwable throwable) {
    final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
    final PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(sw, true);
    throwable.printStackTrace(pw);
    return sw.getBuffer().toString();
}

与其他答案的不同之处在于，它在PrintWriter上使用autoFlush。

public static String getStackTrace(Throwable t) {
    StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
    t.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(sw));
    return sw.toString();
}

以下代码允许您使用字符串格式获取整个stackTrace，而无需使用log4J或java.util.Logger等API：

catch (Exception e) {
    StackTraceElement[] stack = e.getStackTrace();
    String exception = "";
    for (StackTraceElement s : stack) {
        exception = exception + s.toString() + "\n\t\t";
    }
    System.out.println(exception);
    // then you can send the exception string to a external file.
}