下面是一个可以直接复制到代码中的版本：

import java.io.StringWriter; 
import java.io.PrintWriter;

//Two lines of code to get the exception into a StringWriter
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
new Throwable().printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(sw));

//And to actually print it
logger.info("Current stack trace is:\n" + sw.toString());

或者，在捕捉块中

} catch (Throwable t) {
    StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
    t.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(sw));
    logger.info("Current stack trace is:\n" + sw.toString());
}

Scala版本

def stackTraceToString(e: Exception): String = {
  import java.io.PrintWriter
  val sw = new StringWriter()
  e.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(sw))
  sw.toString
}

没有java.io.*，它可以这样做。

String trace = e.toString() + "\n";                     

for (StackTraceElement e1 : e.getStackTrace()) {
    trace += "\t at " + e1.toString() + "\n";
}   

然后跟踪变量保存堆栈跟踪。输出也包含初始原因，输出与printStackTrace（）相同

例如，printStackTrace（）产生：

java.io.FileNotFoundException: / (Is a directory)
    at java.io.FileOutputStream.open0(Native Method)
    at java.io.FileOutputStream.open(FileOutputStream.java:270)
    at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:213)
    at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:101)
    at Test.main(Test.java:9)

当打印到stdout时，跟踪字符串保持

java.io.FileNotFoundException: / (Is a directory)
     at java.io.FileOutputStream.open0(Native Method)
     at java.io.FileOutputStream.open(FileOutputStream.java:270)
     at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:213)
     at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:101)
     at Test.main(Test.java:9)

对我来说，最干净、最简单的方法是：

import java.util.Arrays;
Arrays.toString(e.getStackTrace());

private String getCurrentStackTraceString() {
    StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
    return Arrays.stream(stackTrace).map(StackTraceElement::toString)
            .collect(Collectors.joining("\n"));
}

对Gala的回答进行了详细分析，其中还将包括例外情况的原因：

private String extrapolateStackTrace(Exception ex) {
    Throwable e = ex;
    String trace = e.toString() + "\n";
    for (StackTraceElement e1 : e.getStackTrace()) {
        trace += "\t at " + e1.toString() + "\n";
    }
    while (e.getCause() != null) {
        e = e.getCause();
        trace += "Cause by: " + e.toString() + "\n";
        for (StackTraceElement e1 : e.getStackTrace()) {
            trace += "\t at " + e1.toString() + "\n";
        }
    }
    return trace;
}