要求开发团队使用SQL数据库源代码控制管理系统并不是防止问题发生的灵丹妙药。就其本身而言，数据库源代码控制引入了额外的开销，因为开发人员需要将他们对对象所做的更改保存在单独的SQL脚本中，打开源代码控制系统客户端，使用客户端签入SQL脚本文件，然后将更改应用到活动数据库。

我可以建议使用SSMS插件ApexSQL源代码控制。它允许开发人员通过向导直接从SSMS轻松地将数据库对象映射到源代码控制系统。该插件支持TFS、Git、Subversion和其他SC系统。它还包括对源控制静态数据的支持。

下载并安装ApexSQL源代码控制后，只需右键单击要进行版本控制的数据库，然后导航到SSMS中的ApexSQL源代码控制子菜单。单击Link database to source control选项，选择源代码控制系统和开发模型。之后，您需要为所选择的源代码控制系统提供登录信息和存储库字符串。

你可以阅读这篇文章了解更多信息:http://solutioncenter.apexsql.com/sql-source-control-reduce-database-development-time/

Sadly, I've seen more than one team developing PL/SQL programs (stored procedures in Oracle) - sometimes ten thousands LOC - just by editing the code in TOAD (a database tool), without even saving the source to files (except for deployment). Even if the database is backuped regulary (wouldn't take that for granted, though), the only way to retrieve an old version of a stored procedure is to restore the whole database, which is many GB large. And of course sometimes concurrent changes in one file lead to loss of work, when more than one developer works on the same project.

The most successful scheme I've ever used on a project has combined backups and differential SQL files. Basically we would take a backup of our db after every release and do an SQL dump so that we could create a blank schema from scratch if we needed to as well. Then anytime you needed to make a change to the DB you would add an alter scrip to the sql directory under version control. We would always prefix a sequence number or date to the file name so the first change would be something like 01_add_created_on_column.sql, and the next script would be 02_added_customers_index. Our CI machine would check for these and run them sequentially on a fresh copy of the db that had been restored from the backup.

我们还准备了一些脚本，开发人员可以用一个命令将本地db重新初始化到当前版本。

是的，我认为版本化你的数据库是很重要的。当然不是数据，而是模式。

在Ruby On Rails中，这是由框架通过“迁移”来处理的。任何时候修改db，都需要编写一个脚本来应用更改并将其检入源代码控制。

我的团队非常喜欢这个想法，所以我们使用shell脚本和Ant将该功能添加到基于java的构建中。我们将该过程集成到部署例程中。在其他不支持DB版本开箱即用的框架中编写脚本来完成同样的事情是相当容易的。

是的,总是这样。您应该能够在需要时使用一组有用的示例数据重新创建生产数据库结构。如果你不这样做，随着时间的推移，保持运行的小改变会被遗忘，然后有一天你会被咬，严重的。这是一种保险，你可能认为你不需要，但当你这样做的那一天，它的价格是它的10倍!

我使用SQL CREATE脚本从MySQL workbench导出，然后使用他们的“导出SQL ALTER”功能，我最终得到了一系列创建脚本(当然编号)和ALTER脚本，可以应用它们之间的更改。

3.- Export SQL ALTER script Normally you would have to write the ALTER TABLE statements by hand now, reflecting your changes you made to the model. But you can be smart and let Workbench do the hard work for you. Simply select File -> Export -> Forward Engineer SQL ALTER Script… from the main menu. This will prompt you to specify the SQL CREATE file the current model should be compared to. Select the SQL CREATE script from step 1. The tool will then generate the ALTER TABLE script for you and you can execute this script against your database to bring it up to date. You can do this using the MySQL Query Browser or the mysql client.Voila! Your model and database have now been synchronized!

来源:MySQL Workbench Community Edition: Schema同步指南

当然，所有这些脚本都在版本控制下。