import socket
[i[4][0] for i in socket.getaddrinfo(socket.gethostname(), None)]

这个答案是我个人试图解决获得LAN IP的问题，因为socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())也返回127.0.0.1。这种方法不需要Internet，只需要一个局域网连接。代码是为Python 3编写的。X但是可以很容易地转换为2.x。使用UDP广播:

import select
import socket
import threading
from queue import Queue, Empty

def get_local_ip():
        def udp_listening_server():
            s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
            s.bind(('<broadcast>', 8888))
            s.setblocking(0)
            while True:
                result = select.select([s],[],[])
                msg, address = result[0][0].recvfrom(1024)
                msg = str(msg, 'UTF-8')
                if msg == 'What is my LAN IP address?':
                    break
            queue.put(address)

        queue = Queue()
        thread = threading.Thread(target=udp_listening_server)
        thread.queue = queue
        thread.start()
        s2 = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
        s2.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_BROADCAST, 1)
        waiting = True
        while waiting:
            s2.sendto(bytes('What is my LAN IP address?', 'UTF-8'), ('<broadcast>', 8888))
            try:
                address = queue.get(False)
            except Empty:
                pass
            else:
                waiting = False
        return address[0]

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print(get_local_ip())

我使用以下模块:

#!/usr/bin/python
# module for getting the lan ip address of the computer

import os
import socket

if os.name != "nt":
    import fcntl
    import struct
    def get_interface_ip(ifname):
        s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
        return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(
                s.fileno(),
                0x8915,  # SIOCGIFADDR
                struct.pack('256s', bytes(ifname[:15], 'utf-8'))
                # Python 2.7: remove the second argument for the bytes call
            )[20:24])

def get_lan_ip():
    ip = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
    if ip.startswith("127.") and os.name != "nt":
        interfaces = ["eth0","eth1","eth2","wlan0","wlan1","wifi0","ath0","ath1","ppp0"]
        for ifname in interfaces:
            try:
                ip = get_interface_ip(ifname)
                break;
            except IOError:
                pass
    return ip

测试与windows和linux(和不需要额外的模块为那些) 用于在一个基于IPv4的局域网中的系统。

固定的接口名称列表不适用于最近的linux版本，这些版本已经采用了systemd v197关于可预测接口名称的更改，正如Alexander指出的那样。 在这种情况下，您需要手动使用系统上的接口名称替换该列表，或者使用其他解决方案，如netifaces。

127.0.1.1是您的真实IP地址。更一般地说，一台计算机可以有任意数量的IP地址。您可以过滤它们为私有网络- 127.0.0.0/8,10.0.0.0/8,172.16.0.0/12和192.168.0.0/16。

但是，没有跨平台的方法来获取所有的IP地址。在Linux上，可以使用SIOCGIFCONF ioctl。

作为别名myip:

alias myip="python -c 'import socket; print([l for l in ([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith(\"127.\")][:1], [[(s.connect((\"8.8.8.8\", 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) if l][0][0])'"

适用于Python 2。3. Python。x，现代和旧的Linux发行版，OSX/macOS和Windows来查找当前的IPv4地址。 对于有多个IP地址、IPv6、没有配置IP地址或没有互联网访问的机器，将不会返回正确的结果。 据报道，这在最新版本的macOS上不起作用。

注意:如果你打算在Python程序中使用类似的东西，正确的方法是使用支持IPv6的Python模块。

与上面相同，但只是Python代码:

import socket
print([l for l in ([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith("127.")][:1], [[(s.connect(('8.8.8.8', 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) if l][0][0])

如果没有配置IP地址，将抛出异常。

也可以在没有互联网连接的局域网上工作的版本:

import socket
print((([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith("127.")] or [[(s.connect(("8.8.8.8", 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) + ["no IP found"])[0])

（谢谢@ccpizza）

背景:

使用socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())在这里不起作用，因为我所在的一台计算机有一个/etc/hosts，其中有重复的条目和对自身的引用。Socket.gethostbyname()只返回/etc/hosts.中的最后一项

这是我最初的尝试，它清除了所有以“127”开头的地址。”:

import socket
print([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith("127.")][:1])

这适用于Python 2和3，在Linux和Windows上，但不能处理多个网络设备或IPv6。然而，它在最近的Linux发行版上停止工作，所以我尝试了这种替代技术。它尝试在53端口8.8.8.8连接谷歌DNS服务器:

import socket
print([(s.connect(('8.8.8.8', 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1])

然后，我将上述两种技术组合成一个应该在任何地方都适用的一行程序，并在这个答案的顶部创建了myip别名和Python代码片段。

随着IPv6的日益普及，对于具有多个网络接口的服务器，使用第三方Python模块查找IP地址可能比这里列出的任何方法都更健壮和可靠。

Socket API方法

参见https://stackoverflow.com/a/28950776/711085

缺点:

Not cross-platform. Requires more fallback code, tied to existence of particular addresses on the internet This will also not work if you're behind a NAT Probably creates a UDP connection, not independent of (usually ISP's) DNS availability (see other answers for ideas like using 8.8.8.8: Google's (coincidentally also DNS) server) Make sure you make the destination address UNREACHABLE, like a numeric IP address that is spec-guaranteed to be unused. Do NOT use some domain like fakesubdomain.google.com or somefakewebsite.com; you'll still be spamming that party (now or in the future), and spamming your own network boxes as well in the process.

反射器方法

(请注意，这并没有回答OP的本地IP地址问题，例如192.168…;它会给你你的公共IP地址，根据用例，这可能更可取。)

你可以查询一些网站，如whatismyip.com(但有一个API)，例如:

from urllib.request import urlopen
import re
def getPublicIp():
    data = str(urlopen('http://checkip.dyndns.com/').read())
    # data = '<html><head><title>Current IP Check</title></head><body>Current IP Address: 65.96.168.198</body></html>\r\n'

    return re.compile(r'Address: (\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)').search(data).group(1)

或者如果使用python2:

from urllib import urlopen
import re
def getPublicIp():
    data = str(urlopen('http://checkip.dyndns.com/').read())
    # data = '<html><head><title>Current IP Check</title></head><body>Current IP Address: 65.96.168.198</body></html>\r\n'

    return re.compile(r'Address: (\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)').search(data).group(1)

优点:

这种方法的一个优点是它是跨平台的 它从丑陋的nat(例如你的家用路由器)后面工作。

缺点(和变通方法):

要求网站正常运行，格式不变(几乎肯定不会)，DNS服务器正常工作。在失败的情况下，还可以通过查询其他第三方IP地址反射器来缓解这个问题。 如果您不查询多个反射器(以防止一个受损害的反射器告诉您您的地址不是某个东西)，或者如果您不使用HTTPS(以防止假装是服务器的中间人攻击)，则可能的攻击向量

edit: Though initially I thought these methods were really bad (unless you use many fallbacks, the code may be irrelevant many years from now), it does pose the question "what is the internet?". A computer may have many interfaces pointing to many different networks. For a more thorough description of the topic, google for gateways and routes. A computer may be able to access an internal network via an internal gateway, or access the world-wide web via a gateway on for example a router (usually the case). The local IP address that the OP asks about is only well-defined with respect to a single link layer, so you have to specify that ("is it the network card, or the ethernet cable, which we're talking about?"). There may be multiple non-unique answers to this question as posed. However the global IP address on the world-wide web is probably well-defined (in the absence of massive network fragmentation): probably the return path via the gateway which can access the TLDs.