Pyroute2是一个很棒的库，不仅可以用来获取IP地址，还可以用来获取网关信息和其他有用的信息。 下面的代码可以获取任意接口的ipv4地址。

from pyroute2 import IPRoute
ip = IPRoute()

def get_ipv4_address(intf):
    return dict(ip.get_addr(label=intf)[0]['attrs'])['IFA_LOCAL']

print(get_ipv4_address('eth0'))

我使用以下模块:

#!/usr/bin/python
# module for getting the lan ip address of the computer

import os
import socket

if os.name != "nt":
    import fcntl
    import struct
    def get_interface_ip(ifname):
        s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
        return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(
                s.fileno(),
                0x8915,  # SIOCGIFADDR
                struct.pack('256s', bytes(ifname[:15], 'utf-8'))
                # Python 2.7: remove the second argument for the bytes call
            )[20:24])

def get_lan_ip():
    ip = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
    if ip.startswith("127.") and os.name != "nt":
        interfaces = ["eth0","eth1","eth2","wlan0","wlan1","wifi0","ath0","ath1","ppp0"]
        for ifname in interfaces:
            try:
                ip = get_interface_ip(ifname)
                break;
            except IOError:
                pass
    return ip

测试与windows和linux(和不需要额外的模块为那些) 用于在一个基于IPv4的局域网中的系统。

固定的接口名称列表不适用于最近的linux版本，这些版本已经采用了systemd v197关于可预测接口名称的更改，正如Alexander指出的那样。 在这种情况下，您需要手动使用系统上的接口名称替换该列表，或者使用其他解决方案，如netifaces。

import socket
print(socket.gethostbyname(socket.getfqdn()))

稍微改进了使用IP命令的命令版本，并返回IPv4和IPv6地址:

import commands,re,socket

#A generator that returns stripped lines of output from "ip address show"
iplines=(line.strip() for line in commands.getoutput("ip address show").split('\n'))

#Turn that into a list of IPv4 and IPv6 address/mask strings
addresses1=reduce(lambda a,v:a+v,(re.findall(r"inet ([\d.]+/\d+)",line)+re.findall(r"inet6 ([\:\da-f]+/\d+)",line) for line in iplines))
#addresses1 now looks like ['127.0.0.1/8', '::1/128', '10.160.114.60/23', 'fe80::1031:3fff:fe00:6dce/64']

#Get a list of IPv4 addresses as (IPstring,subnetsize) tuples
ipv4s=[(ip,int(subnet)) for ip,subnet in (addr.split('/') for addr in addresses1 if '.' in addr)]
#ipv4s now looks like [('127.0.0.1', 8), ('10.160.114.60', 23)]

#Get IPv6 addresses
ipv6s=[(ip,int(subnet)) for ip,subnet in (addr.split('/') for addr in addresses1 if ':' in addr)]

一个我不相信已经发布的版本。 我在Ubuntu 12.04上使用python 2.7进行测试。

找到这个解决方案:http://code.activestate.com/recipes/439094-get-the-ip-address-associated-with-a-network-inter/

import socket
import fcntl
import struct

def get_ip_address(ifname):
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(
        s.fileno(),
        0x8915,  # SIOCGIFADDR
        struct.pack('256s', ifname[:15])
    )[20:24])

结果示例:

>>> get_ip_address('eth0')
'38.113.228.130'

注意:这里没有使用标准库，但是非常简单。

$ PIP安装pif

from pif import get_public_ip
get_public_ip()