如何找到本地IP地址(即192.168.x。x或10.0.x.x)在Python平台独立,只使用标准库?
当前回答
import socket
print(socket.gethostbyname(socket.getfqdn()))
其他回答
好吧,这是Windows特定的,需要安装python WMI模块,但这似乎比不断尝试调用外部服务器要简单得多。这只是另一种选择,因为已经有很多好的选择,但它可能非常适合您的项目。
Import WMI
def getlocalip():
local = wmi.WMI()
for interface in local.Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration(IPEnabled=1):
for ip_address in interface.IPAddress:
if ip_address != '0.0.0.0':
localip = ip_address
return localip
>>>getlocalip()
u'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx'
>>>
顺便说一下,WMI非常强大……如果你正在做任何窗口机器的远程管理,你一定要看看它能做什么。
这是UnkwnTech的答案的变体——它提供了一个get_local_addr()函数,该函数返回主机的主LAN ip地址。我发布它是因为这增加了一些东西:ipv6支持,错误处理,忽略localhost/linklocal地址,并使用TESTNET地址(rfc5737)来连接。
# imports
import errno
import socket
import logging
# localhost prefixes
_local_networks = ("127.", "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1")
# ignore these prefixes -- localhost, unspecified, and link-local
_ignored_networks = _local_networks + ("0.", "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0", "169.254.", "fe80:")
def detect_family(addr):
if "." in addr:
assert ":" not in addr
return socket.AF_INET
elif ":" in addr:
return socket.AF_INET6
else:
raise ValueError("invalid ipv4/6 address: %r" % addr)
def expand_addr(addr):
"""convert address into canonical expanded form --
no leading zeroes in groups, and for ipv6: lowercase hex, no collapsed groups.
"""
family = detect_family(addr)
addr = socket.inet_ntop(family, socket.inet_pton(family, addr))
if "::" in addr:
count = 8-addr.count(":")
addr = addr.replace("::", (":0" * count) + ":")
if addr.startswith(":"):
addr = "0" + addr
return addr
def _get_local_addr(family, remote):
try:
s = socket.socket(family, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
try:
s.connect((remote, 9))
return s.getsockname()[0]
finally:
s.close()
except socket.error:
# log.info("trapped error connecting to %r via %r", remote, family, exc_info=True)
return None
def get_local_addr(remote=None, ipv6=True):
"""get LAN address of host
:param remote:
return LAN address that host would use to access that specific remote address.
by default, returns address it would use to access the public internet.
:param ipv6:
by default, attempts to find an ipv6 address first.
if set to False, only checks ipv4.
:returns:
primary LAN address for host, or ``None`` if couldn't be determined.
"""
if remote:
family = detect_family(remote)
local = _get_local_addr(family, remote)
if not local:
return None
if family == socket.AF_INET6:
# expand zero groups so the startswith() test works.
local = expand_addr(local)
if local.startswith(_local_networks):
# border case where remote addr belongs to host
return local
else:
# NOTE: the two addresses used here are TESTNET addresses,
# which should never exist in the real world.
if ipv6:
local = _get_local_addr(socket.AF_INET6, "2001:db8::1234")
# expand zero groups so the startswith() test works.
if local:
local = expand_addr(local)
else:
local = None
if not local:
local = _get_local_addr(socket.AF_INET, "192.0.2.123")
if not local:
return None
if local.startswith(_ignored_networks):
return None
return local
[仅限Windows]如果您不想使用外部包,也不想依赖外部Internet服务器,这可能会有所帮助。这是一个代码样本,我在谷歌代码搜索和修改返回所需的信息:
def getIPAddresses():
from ctypes import Structure, windll, sizeof
from ctypes import POINTER, byref
from ctypes import c_ulong, c_uint, c_ubyte, c_char
MAX_ADAPTER_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH = 128
MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH = 256
MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH = 8
class IP_ADDR_STRING(Structure):
pass
LP_IP_ADDR_STRING = POINTER(IP_ADDR_STRING)
IP_ADDR_STRING._fields_ = [
("next", LP_IP_ADDR_STRING),
("ipAddress", c_char * 16),
("ipMask", c_char * 16),
("context", c_ulong)]
class IP_ADAPTER_INFO (Structure):
pass
LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO = POINTER(IP_ADAPTER_INFO)
IP_ADAPTER_INFO._fields_ = [
("next", LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO),
("comboIndex", c_ulong),
("adapterName", c_char * (MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH + 4)),
("description", c_char * (MAX_ADAPTER_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH + 4)),
("addressLength", c_uint),
("address", c_ubyte * MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH),
("index", c_ulong),
("type", c_uint),
("dhcpEnabled", c_uint),
("currentIpAddress", LP_IP_ADDR_STRING),
("ipAddressList", IP_ADDR_STRING),
("gatewayList", IP_ADDR_STRING),
("dhcpServer", IP_ADDR_STRING),
("haveWins", c_uint),
("primaryWinsServer", IP_ADDR_STRING),
("secondaryWinsServer", IP_ADDR_STRING),
("leaseObtained", c_ulong),
("leaseExpires", c_ulong)]
GetAdaptersInfo = windll.iphlpapi.GetAdaptersInfo
GetAdaptersInfo.restype = c_ulong
GetAdaptersInfo.argtypes = [LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO, POINTER(c_ulong)]
adapterList = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO * 10)()
buflen = c_ulong(sizeof(adapterList))
rc = GetAdaptersInfo(byref(adapterList[0]), byref(buflen))
if rc == 0:
for a in adapterList:
adNode = a.ipAddressList
while True:
ipAddr = adNode.ipAddress
if ipAddr:
yield ipAddr
adNode = adNode.next
if not adNode:
break
用法:
>>> for addr in getIPAddresses():
>>> print addr
192.168.0.100
10.5.9.207
由于它依赖于windll,这将只在Windows上工作。
注意:这里没有使用标准库,但是非常简单。
$ PIP安装pif
from pif import get_public_ip
get_public_ip()
另一个变体的前面的答案,可以保存到一个名为my-ip-to的可执行脚本:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys, socket
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
for remote_host in sys.argv[1:]:
# determine local host ip by outgoing test to another host
# use port 9 (discard protocol - RFC 863) over UDP4
with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) as s:
s.connect((remote_host, 9))
my_ip = s.getsockname()[0]
print(my_ip, flush=True)
else:
import platform
my_name = platform.node()
my_ip = socket.gethostbyname(my_name)
print(my_ip)
它需要任意数量的远程主机,并打印出本地ip,逐个到达它们:
$ my-ip-to z.cn g.cn localhost
192.168.11.102
192.168.11.102
127.0.0.1
$
并在没有给出arg时打印best-bet。
$ my-ip-to
192.168.11.102
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