import socket
print(socket.gethostbyname(socket.getfqdn()))

稍微改进了使用IP命令的命令版本，并返回IPv4和IPv6地址:

import commands,re,socket

#A generator that returns stripped lines of output from "ip address show"
iplines=(line.strip() for line in commands.getoutput("ip address show").split('\n'))

#Turn that into a list of IPv4 and IPv6 address/mask strings
addresses1=reduce(lambda a,v:a+v,(re.findall(r"inet ([\d.]+/\d+)",line)+re.findall(r"inet6 ([\:\da-f]+/\d+)",line) for line in iplines))
#addresses1 now looks like ['127.0.0.1/8', '::1/128', '10.160.114.60/23', 'fe80::1031:3fff:fe00:6dce/64']

#Get a list of IPv4 addresses as (IPstring,subnetsize) tuples
ipv4s=[(ip,int(subnet)) for ip,subnet in (addr.split('/') for addr in addresses1 if '.' in addr)]
#ipv4s now looks like [('127.0.0.1', 8), ('10.160.114.60', 23)]

#Get IPv6 addresses
ipv6s=[(ip,int(subnet)) for ip,subnet in (addr.split('/') for addr in addresses1 if ':' in addr)]

import socket
[i[4][0] for i in socket.getaddrinfo(socket.gethostname(), None)]

[仅限Windows]如果您不想使用外部包，也不想依赖外部Internet服务器，这可能会有所帮助。这是一个代码样本，我在谷歌代码搜索和修改返回所需的信息:

def getIPAddresses():
    from ctypes import Structure, windll, sizeof
    from ctypes import POINTER, byref
    from ctypes import c_ulong, c_uint, c_ubyte, c_char
    MAX_ADAPTER_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH = 128
    MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH = 256
    MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH = 8
    class IP_ADDR_STRING(Structure):
        pass
    LP_IP_ADDR_STRING = POINTER(IP_ADDR_STRING)
    IP_ADDR_STRING._fields_ = [
        ("next", LP_IP_ADDR_STRING),
        ("ipAddress", c_char * 16),
        ("ipMask", c_char * 16),
        ("context", c_ulong)]
    class IP_ADAPTER_INFO (Structure):
        pass
    LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO = POINTER(IP_ADAPTER_INFO)
    IP_ADAPTER_INFO._fields_ = [
        ("next", LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO),
        ("comboIndex", c_ulong),
        ("adapterName", c_char * (MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH + 4)),
        ("description", c_char * (MAX_ADAPTER_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH + 4)),
        ("addressLength", c_uint),
        ("address", c_ubyte * MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH),
        ("index", c_ulong),
        ("type", c_uint),
        ("dhcpEnabled", c_uint),
        ("currentIpAddress", LP_IP_ADDR_STRING),
        ("ipAddressList", IP_ADDR_STRING),
        ("gatewayList", IP_ADDR_STRING),
        ("dhcpServer", IP_ADDR_STRING),
        ("haveWins", c_uint),
        ("primaryWinsServer", IP_ADDR_STRING),
        ("secondaryWinsServer", IP_ADDR_STRING),
        ("leaseObtained", c_ulong),
        ("leaseExpires", c_ulong)]
    GetAdaptersInfo = windll.iphlpapi.GetAdaptersInfo
    GetAdaptersInfo.restype = c_ulong
    GetAdaptersInfo.argtypes = [LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO, POINTER(c_ulong)]
    adapterList = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO * 10)()
    buflen = c_ulong(sizeof(adapterList))
    rc = GetAdaptersInfo(byref(adapterList[0]), byref(buflen))
    if rc == 0:
        for a in adapterList:
            adNode = a.ipAddressList
            while True:
                ipAddr = adNode.ipAddress
                if ipAddr:
                    yield ipAddr
                adNode = adNode.next
                if not adNode:
                    break

用法:

>>> for addr in getIPAddresses():
>>>    print addr
192.168.0.100
10.5.9.207

由于它依赖于windll，这将只在Windows上工作。

这个答案是我个人试图解决获得LAN IP的问题，因为socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())也返回127.0.0.1。这种方法不需要Internet，只需要一个局域网连接。代码是为Python 3编写的。X但是可以很容易地转换为2.x。使用UDP广播:

import select
import socket
import threading
from queue import Queue, Empty

def get_local_ip():
        def udp_listening_server():
            s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
            s.bind(('<broadcast>', 8888))
            s.setblocking(0)
            while True:
                result = select.select([s],[],[])
                msg, address = result[0][0].recvfrom(1024)
                msg = str(msg, 'UTF-8')
                if msg == 'What is my LAN IP address?':
                    break
            queue.put(address)

        queue = Queue()
        thread = threading.Thread(target=udp_listening_server)
        thread.queue = queue
        thread.start()
        s2 = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
        s2.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_BROADCAST, 1)
        waiting = True
        while waiting:
            s2.sendto(bytes('What is my LAN IP address?', 'UTF-8'), ('<broadcast>', 8888))
            try:
                address = queue.get(False)
            except Empty:
                pass
            else:
                waiting = False
        return address[0]

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print(get_local_ip())

你可以使用netifaces模块。类型:

pip install netifaces

在你的命令shell中，它会在默认的Python安装中安装自己。

然后你可以这样使用它:

from netifaces import interfaces, ifaddresses, AF_INET
for ifaceName in interfaces():
    addresses = [i['addr'] for i in ifaddresses(ifaceName).setdefault(AF_INET, [{'addr':'No IP addr'}] )]
    print '%s: %s' % (ifaceName, ', '.join(addresses))

在我的电脑上，它打印出:

{45639BDC-1050-46E0-9BE9-075C30DE1FBC}: 192.168.0.100
{D43A468B-F3AE-4BF9-9391-4863A4500583}: 10.5.9.207

这个模块的作者声称它应该在Windows、UNIX和Mac OS X上工作。