如何找到本地IP地址(即192.168.x。x或10.0.x.x)在Python平台独立,只使用标准库?
当前回答
这与之前发布的答案非常相似,但我找不到任何与这种调用用法有关的答案。这是我用于ipv4的。对于ipv6,更改'。' in to ':' in
import socket
print next(i[4][0] for i in socket.getaddrinfo(
socket.gethostname(), 80) if '127.' not in i[4][0] and '.' in i[4][0]);"
其他回答
这是UnkwnTech的答案的变体——它提供了一个get_local_addr()函数,该函数返回主机的主LAN ip地址。我发布它是因为这增加了一些东西:ipv6支持,错误处理,忽略localhost/linklocal地址,并使用TESTNET地址(rfc5737)来连接。
# imports
import errno
import socket
import logging
# localhost prefixes
_local_networks = ("127.", "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1")
# ignore these prefixes -- localhost, unspecified, and link-local
_ignored_networks = _local_networks + ("0.", "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0", "169.254.", "fe80:")
def detect_family(addr):
if "." in addr:
assert ":" not in addr
return socket.AF_INET
elif ":" in addr:
return socket.AF_INET6
else:
raise ValueError("invalid ipv4/6 address: %r" % addr)
def expand_addr(addr):
"""convert address into canonical expanded form --
no leading zeroes in groups, and for ipv6: lowercase hex, no collapsed groups.
"""
family = detect_family(addr)
addr = socket.inet_ntop(family, socket.inet_pton(family, addr))
if "::" in addr:
count = 8-addr.count(":")
addr = addr.replace("::", (":0" * count) + ":")
if addr.startswith(":"):
addr = "0" + addr
return addr
def _get_local_addr(family, remote):
try:
s = socket.socket(family, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
try:
s.connect((remote, 9))
return s.getsockname()[0]
finally:
s.close()
except socket.error:
# log.info("trapped error connecting to %r via %r", remote, family, exc_info=True)
return None
def get_local_addr(remote=None, ipv6=True):
"""get LAN address of host
:param remote:
return LAN address that host would use to access that specific remote address.
by default, returns address it would use to access the public internet.
:param ipv6:
by default, attempts to find an ipv6 address first.
if set to False, only checks ipv4.
:returns:
primary LAN address for host, or ``None`` if couldn't be determined.
"""
if remote:
family = detect_family(remote)
local = _get_local_addr(family, remote)
if not local:
return None
if family == socket.AF_INET6:
# expand zero groups so the startswith() test works.
local = expand_addr(local)
if local.startswith(_local_networks):
# border case where remote addr belongs to host
return local
else:
# NOTE: the two addresses used here are TESTNET addresses,
# which should never exist in the real world.
if ipv6:
local = _get_local_addr(socket.AF_INET6, "2001:db8::1234")
# expand zero groups so the startswith() test works.
if local:
local = expand_addr(local)
else:
local = None
if not local:
local = _get_local_addr(socket.AF_INET, "192.0.2.123")
if not local:
return None
if local.startswith(_ignored_networks):
return None
return local
稍微改进了使用IP命令的命令版本,并返回IPv4和IPv6地址:
import commands,re,socket
#A generator that returns stripped lines of output from "ip address show"
iplines=(line.strip() for line in commands.getoutput("ip address show").split('\n'))
#Turn that into a list of IPv4 and IPv6 address/mask strings
addresses1=reduce(lambda a,v:a+v,(re.findall(r"inet ([\d.]+/\d+)",line)+re.findall(r"inet6 ([\:\da-f]+/\d+)",line) for line in iplines))
#addresses1 now looks like ['127.0.0.1/8', '::1/128', '10.160.114.60/23', 'fe80::1031:3fff:fe00:6dce/64']
#Get a list of IPv4 addresses as (IPstring,subnetsize) tuples
ipv4s=[(ip,int(subnet)) for ip,subnet in (addr.split('/') for addr in addresses1 if '.' in addr)]
#ipv4s now looks like [('127.0.0.1', 8), ('10.160.114.60', 23)]
#Get IPv6 addresses
ipv6s=[(ip,int(subnet)) for ip,subnet in (addr.split('/') for addr in addresses1 if ':' in addr)]
Netifaces可通过PIP和easy_install获得。(我知道,它不在基础,但它可能值得安装。)
Netifaces在不同平台上确实有一些奇怪之处:
localhost/loop-back接口可能并不总是包含在内(Cygwin)。 地址按协议列出(例如IPv4, IPv6),协议按接口列出。在某些系统(Linux)上,每个协议-接口对都有自己的关联接口(使用interface_name:n表示法),而在其他系统(Windows)上,单个接口将有每个协议的地址列表。在这两种情况下都有一个协议列表,但它可能只包含一个元素。
下面是一些netifaces代码:
import netifaces
PROTO = netifaces.AF_INET # We want only IPv4, for now at least
# Get list of network interfaces
# Note: Can't filter for 'lo' here because Windows lacks it.
ifaces = netifaces.interfaces()
# Get all addresses (of all kinds) for each interface
if_addrs = [netifaces.ifaddresses(iface) for iface in ifaces]
# Filter for the desired address type
if_inet_addrs = [addr[PROTO] for addr in if_addrs if PROTO in addr]
iface_addrs = [s['addr'] for a in if_inet_addrs for s in a if 'addr' in s]
# Can filter for '127.0.0.1' here.
上面的代码没有将地址映射回接口名(对于动态生成ebtables/iptables规则很有用)。所以这里有一个版本,它将上述信息和接口名称保存在一个元组中:
import netifaces
PROTO = netifaces.AF_INET # We want only IPv4, for now at least
# Get list of network interfaces
ifaces = netifaces.interfaces()
# Get addresses for each interface
if_addrs = [(netifaces.ifaddresses(iface), iface) for iface in ifaces]
# Filter for only IPv4 addresses
if_inet_addrs = [(tup[0][PROTO], tup[1]) for tup in if_addrs if PROTO in tup[0]]
iface_addrs = [(s['addr'], tup[1]) for tup in if_inet_addrs for s in tup[0] if 'addr' in s]
而且,不,我不喜欢列表理解。这些天我的大脑就是这么运转的。
下面的代码段将全部打印出来:
from __future__ import print_function # For 2.x folks
from pprint import pprint as pp
print('\nifaces = ', end='')
pp(ifaces)
print('\nif_addrs = ', end='')
pp(if_addrs)
print('\nif_inet_addrs = ', end='')
pp(if_inet_addrs)
print('\niface_addrs = ', end='')
pp(iface_addrs)
享受吧!
供您参考,我可以验证该方法:
import socket
addr = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
适用于OS X (10.6,10.5), Windows XP和管理良好的RHEL部门服务器。它不能在一个非常小的CentOS虚拟机上工作,我只是做了一些内核黑客。因此,对于该实例,您可以检查127.0.0.1地址,在这种情况下,执行以下操作:
if addr == "127.0.0.1":
import commands
output = commands.getoutput("/sbin/ifconfig")
addr = parseaddress(output)
然后从输出中解析ip地址。应该注意的是,默认情况下ifconfig不在普通用户的PATH中,这就是为什么我在命令中给出完整的路径。我希望这能有所帮助。
对于*nix系统上的IP地址列表,
import subprocess
co = subprocess.Popen(['ifconfig'], stdout = subprocess.PIPE)
ifconfig = co.stdout.read()
ip_regex = re.compile('((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-4]|2[0-5][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?))')
[match[0] for match in ip_regex.findall(ifconfig, re.MULTILINE)]
虽然现在回答这个问题有点晚了,但我认为其他人可能会发现它有用:-)
PS:它会返回广播地址和网络掩码。
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