根据Tudorizer的回答，在不离开或重新启动应用程序的情况下更改语言。

使用类来访问首选语言，而不是宏，以检查是否存在特定的语言代码。

下面是一个类，用于获取当前在iOS 9中工作的语言包:

@implementation OSLocalization

+ (NSBundle *)currentLanguageBundle
{
    // Default language incase an unsupported language is found
    NSString *language = @"en";

    if ([NSLocale preferredLanguages].count) {
        // Check first object to be of type "en","es" etc
        // Codes seen by my eyes: "en-US","en","es-US","es" etc

        NSString *letterCode = [[NSLocale preferredLanguages] objectAtIndex:0];

        if ([letterCode rangeOfString:@"en"].location != NSNotFound) {
            // English
            language = @"en";
        } else if ([letterCode rangeOfString:@"es"].location != NSNotFound) {
            // Spanish
            language = @"es";
        } else if ([letterCode rangeOfString:@"fr"].location != NSNotFound) {
            // French
            language = @"fr";
        } // Add more if needed
    }

    return [NSBundle bundleWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:language ofType:@"lproj"]];
}

/// Check if preferred language is English
+ (BOOL)isCurrentLanguageEnglish
{
    if (![NSLocale preferredLanguages].count) {
        // Just incase check for no items in array
        return YES;
    }

    if ([[[NSLocale preferredLanguages] objectAtIndex:0] rangeOfString:@"en"].location == NSNotFound) {
        // No letter code for english found
        return NO;
    } else {
        // Tis English
        return YES;
    }
}

/*  Swap language between English & Spanish
 *  Could send a string argument to directly pass the new language
 */
+ (void)changeCurrentLanguage
{
    if ([self isCurrentLanguageEnglish]) {
        [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:@[@"es"] forKey:@"AppleLanguages"];
    } else {
        [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:@[@"en"] forKey:@"AppleLanguages"];
    }
}
@end

使用上面的类来引用一个字符串文件/图像/视频/等等:

// Access a localized image
[[OSLocalization currentLanguageBundle] pathForResource:@"my_image_name.png" ofType:nil]
// Access  a localized string from Localizable.strings file
NSLocalizedStringFromTableInBundle(@"StringKey", nil, [OSLocalization currentLanguageBundle], @"comment")

像下面这样inline更改language或更新上面类中的"changeCurrentLanguage"方法，以获取引用新语言的字符串参数。

[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:@[@"es"] forKey:@"AppleLanguages"];

你可以用你想要做这件事的本地化字符串集构建一个子bundle，然后使用NSLocalizedStringFromTableInBundle()来加载它们。(我假设这是与你可能在应用上做的正常UI本地化分开的内容。)

NSLocalizedString()(及其变体)访问NSUserDefaults中的"AppleLanguages"键，以确定用户的首选语言设置是什么。这将返回一个语言代码数组，第一个是用户为他们的手机设置的代码，如果资源在首选语言中不可用，则后续的代码用作备用。(在桌面上，用户可以在系统首选项中自定义顺序指定多种语言)

如果你愿意，你可以使用setObject:forKey:方法来设置你自己的语言列表，为你自己的应用程序覆盖全局设置。这将优先于全局设置的值，并返回给正在执行本地化的应用程序中的任何代码。它的代码看起来像这样:

[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"de", @"en", @"fr", nil] forKey:@"AppleLanguages"];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize]; //to make the change immediate

这将使德语成为应用程序的首选语言，英语和法语作为备用语言。您可能希望在应用程序启动早期的某个时候调用它。您可以在这里阅读有关语言/区域设置首选项的更多信息:国际化编程主题:获取当前语言和区域设置

我通常这样做，但你必须有所有的本地化文件在你的项目。

@implementation Language

static NSBundle *bundle = nil;

+(void)initialize 
{
    NSUserDefaults* defs = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
    NSArray* languages = [defs objectForKey:@"AppleLanguages"];
    NSString *current = [[languages objectAtIndex:0] retain];
    [self setLanguage:current];
}

/*
  example calls:
    [Language setLanguage:@"it"];
    [Language setLanguage:@"de"];
*/
+(void)setLanguage:(NSString *)l
{
    NSLog(@"preferredLang: %@", l);
    NSString *path = [[ NSBundle mainBundle ] pathForResource:l ofType:@"lproj" ];
    bundle = [[NSBundle bundleWithPath:path] retain];
}

+(NSString *)get:(NSString *)key alter:(NSString *)alternate 
{
    return [bundle localizedStringForKey:key value:alternate table:nil];
}

@end

这个函数将尝试获取当前语言的本地化字符串，如果没有找到，它将使用英语语言获取它。

- (NSString*)L:(NSString*)key
{
    static NSString* valueNotFound = @"VALUE_NOT_FOUND";
    static NSBundle* enBundle = nil;

    NSString* pl = [NSLocale preferredLanguages][0];
    NSString* bp = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:pl ofType:@"lproj"];
    NSBundle* b = [NSBundle bundleWithPath:bp];

    NSString* s = [b localizedStringForKey:key value:valueNotFound table:nil];
    if ( [s isEqualToString:valueNotFound] ) {
        if ( !enBundle ) {
            bp = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"en" ofType:@"lproj"];
            enBundle = [NSBundle bundleWithPath:bp];
        }
        s = [enBundle localizedStringForKey:key value:key table:nil];
    }

    return s;
}

请勿在iOS 9上使用。对于所有经过它的字符串返回nil。

我找到了另一个解决方案，允许您更新语言字符串，w/o重新启动应用程序和兼容genstrings:

将这个宏放在Prefix.pch中:

#define currentLanguageBundle [NSBundle bundleWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:[[NSLocale preferredLanguages] objectAtIndex:0] ofType:@"lproj"]]

在任何需要本地化字符串的地方使用:

NSLocalizedStringFromTableInBundle(@"GalleryTitleKey", nil, currentLanguageBundle, @"")

设置语言使用。

[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:[NSArray arrayWithObject:@"de"] forKey:@"AppleLanguages"];

即使连续的语言跳跃也能工作，比如:

NSLog(@"test %@", NSLocalizedStringFromTableInBundle(@"NewKey", nil, currentLanguageBundle, @""));
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:[NSArray arrayWithObject:@"fr"] forKey:@"AppleLanguages"];
NSLog(@"test %@", NSLocalizedStringFromTableInBundle(@"NewKey", nil, currentLanguageBundle, @""));
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:[NSArray arrayWithObject:@"it"] forKey:@"AppleLanguages"];
NSLog(@"test %@", NSLocalizedStringFromTableInBundle(@"NewKey", nil, currentLanguageBundle, @""));
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:[NSArray arrayWithObject:@"de"] forKey:@"AppleLanguages"];
NSLog(@"test %@", NSLocalizedStringFromTableInBundle(@"NewKey", nil, currentLanguageBundle, @""));