sql中的随机函数可能会有所帮助。此外，如果您想限制为一行，只需在最后添加它。

SELECT column FROM table
ORDER BY RAND()
LIMIT 1

请参阅这篇文章:从数据库表中随机选择一行的SQL。它介绍了在MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, IBM DB2和Oracle中执行此操作的方法(以下内容是从该链接复制的):

用MySQL随机选择一行:

SELECT column FROM table
ORDER BY RAND()
LIMIT 1

使用PostgreSQL随机选择一行:

SELECT column FROM table
ORDER BY RANDOM()
LIMIT 1

使用Microsoft SQL Server随机选择一行:

SELECT TOP 1 column FROM table
ORDER BY NEWID()

使用IBM DB2选择一个随机行

SELECT column, RAND() as IDX 
FROM table 
ORDER BY IDX FETCH FIRST 1 ROWS ONLY

使用Oracle随机选择一条记录:

SELECT column FROM
( SELECT column FROM table
ORDER BY dbms_random.value )
WHERE rownum = 1

如果可能的话，使用存储语句来避免RND()上的索引和创建记录编号字段的效率低下。

PREPARE RandomRecord FROM "SELECT * FROM table LIMIT ?,1";
SET @n=FLOOR(RAND()*(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table));
EXECUTE RandomRecord USING @n;

select r.id, r.name from table AS r
INNER JOIN(select CEIL(RAND() * (select MAX(id) from table)) as id) as r1
ON r.id >= r1.id ORDER BY r.id ASC LIMIT 1

这将需要更少的计算时间

一个简单而有效的方法从http://akinas.com/pages/en/blog/mysql_random_row/

SET @i = (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * COUNT(*)) FROM table); PREPARE get_stmt FROM 'SELECT * FROM table LIMIT ?, 1'; EXECUTE get_stmt USING @i;

在MSSQL(在11.0.5569上测试)中使用

SELECT TOP 100 * FROM employee ORDER BY CRYPT_GEN_RANDOM(10)

明显快于

SELECT TOP 100 * FROM employee ORDER BY NEWID()