比如,我有一个脚本,用这行代码调用:

./myscript -vfd ./foo/bar/someFile -o /fizz/someOtherFile

或者这个:

./myscript -v -f -d -o /fizz/someOtherFile ./foo/bar/someFile 

什么是公认的解析方式,以便在每种情况下(或两者的某种组合)$v、$f和$d都将设置为true,而$outFile将等于/fiz/someOtherFile?


当前回答

此示例显示了如何使用getopt和eval以及HEREDOC和shift来处理短参数和长参数,以及是否具有以下所需值。此外,switch/case语句简洁易懂。

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# usage function
function usage()
{
   cat << HEREDOC

   Usage: $progname [--num NUM] [--time TIME_STR] [--verbose] [--dry-run]

   optional arguments:
     -h, --help           show this help message and exit
     -n, --num NUM        pass in a number
     -t, --time TIME_STR  pass in a time string
     -v, --verbose        increase the verbosity of the bash script
     --dry-run            do a dry run, dont change any files

HEREDOC
}  

# initialize variables
progname=$(basename $0)
verbose=0
dryrun=0
num_str=
time_str=

# use getopt and store the output into $OPTS
# note the use of -o for the short options, --long for the long name options
# and a : for any option that takes a parameter
OPTS=$(getopt -o "hn:t:v" --long "help,num:,time:,verbose,dry-run" -n "$progname" -- "$@")
if [ $? != 0 ] ; then echo "Error in command line arguments." >&2 ; usage; exit 1 ; fi
eval set -- "$OPTS"

while true; do
  # uncomment the next line to see how shift is working
  # echo "\$1:\"$1\" \$2:\"$2\""
  case "$1" in
    -h | --help ) usage; exit; ;;
    -n | --num ) num_str="$2"; shift 2 ;;
    -t | --time ) time_str="$2"; shift 2 ;;
    --dry-run ) dryrun=1; shift ;;
    -v | --verbose ) verbose=$((verbose + 1)); shift ;;
    -- ) shift; break ;;
    * ) break ;;
  esac
done

if (( $verbose > 0 )); then

   # print out all the parameters we read in
   cat <<EOM
   num=$num_str
   time=$time_str
   verbose=$verbose
   dryrun=$dryrun
EOM
fi

# The rest of your script below

以上脚本中最重要的几行是:

OPTS=$(getopt -o "hn:t:v" --long "help,num:,time:,verbose,dry-run" -n "$progname" -- "$@")
if [ $? != 0 ] ; then echo "Error in command line arguments." >&2 ; exit 1 ; fi
eval set -- "$OPTS"

while true; do
  case "$1" in
    -h | --help ) usage; exit; ;;
    -n | --num ) num_str="$2"; shift 2 ;;
    -t | --time ) time_str="$2"; shift 2 ;;
    --dry-run ) dryrun=1; shift ;;
    -v | --verbose ) verbose=$((verbose + 1)); shift ;;
    -- ) shift; break ;;
    * ) break ;;
  esac
done

简短,切中要害,可读,处理几乎所有的事情(IMHO)。

希望这对某人有所帮助。

其他回答

我想提供我的选项解析版本,它允许以下内容:

-s p1
--stage p1
-w somefolder
--workfolder somefolder
-sw p1 somefolder
-e=hello

也允许这样做(可能不需要):

-s--workfolder p1 somefolder
-se=hello p1
-swe=hello p1 somefolder

您必须在使用前决定是否在选项上使用=。这是为了保持代码干净。

while [[ $# > 0 ]]
do
    key="$1"
    while [[ ${key+x} ]]
    do
        case $key in
            -s*|--stage)
                STAGE="$2"
                shift # option has parameter
                ;;
            -w*|--workfolder)
                workfolder="$2"
                shift # option has parameter
                ;;
            -e=*)
                EXAMPLE="${key#*=}"
                break # option has been fully handled
                ;;
            *)
                # unknown option
                echo Unknown option: $key #1>&2
                exit 10 # either this: my preferred way to handle unknown options
                break # or this: do this to signal the option has been handled (if exit isn't used)
                ;;
        esac
        # prepare for next option in this key, if any
        [[ "$key" = -? || "$key" == --* ]] && unset key || key="${key/#-?/-}"
    done
    shift # option(s) fully processed, proceed to next input argument
done

我写了一个脚本,可以帮助轻松解析命令行参数https://github.com/unfor19/bargs

示例

$ bash example.sh -n Willy --gender male -a 99
Name:      Willy
Age:       99
Gender:    male
Location:  chocolate-factory
$ bash example.sh -n Meir --gender male
[ERROR] Required argument: age

Usage: bash example.sh -n Willy --gender male -a 99

--person_name  |  -n  [Willy]              What is your name?
--age          |  -a  [Required]
--gender       |  -g  [Required]
--location     |  -l  [chocolate-factory]  insert your location
$ bash example.sh -h

Usage: bash example.sh -n Willy --gender male -a 99
--person_name  |  -n  [Willy]              What is your name?
--age          |  -a  [Required]
--gender       |  -g  [Required]
--location     |  -l  [chocolate-factory]  insert your location

根据这里的其他答案,这是我的版本:

#!/bin/bash
set -e

function parse() {
    for arg in "$@"; do # transform long options to short ones
        shift
        case "$arg" in
            "--name") set -- "$@" "-n" ;;
            "--verbose") set -- "$@" "-v" ;;
            *) set -- "$@" "$arg"
        esac
    done

    while getopts "n:v" optname  # left to ":" are flags that expect a value, right to the ":" are flags that expect nothing
    do
        case "$optname" in
            "n") name=${OPTARG} ;;
            "v") verbose=true ;;
        esac
    done
    shift "$((OPTIND-1))" # shift out all the already processed options
}


parse "$@"
echo "hello $name"
if [ ! -z $verbose ]; then echo 'nice to meet you!'; fi

用法:

$ ./parse.sh
hello
$ ./parse.sh -n YOUR_NAME
hello YOUR_NAME
$ ./parse.sh -n YOUR_NAME -v
hello YOUR_NAME
nice to meet you!
$ ./parse.sh -v -n YOUR_NAME
hello YOUR_NAME
nice to meet you!
$ ./parse.sh -v
hello 
nice to meet you!

我认为这个很简单:

#!/bin/bash
#

readopt='getopts $opts opt;rc=$?;[ "$rc$opt" = "0?" ]&&exit 1;[ $rc = 0 ]||{ shift $[OPTIND-1];false; }'

opts=vfdo:

# Enumerating options
while eval "$readopt"
do
    echo OPT:$opt ${OPTARG+OPTARG:$OPTARG}
done

# Enumerating arguments
for arg
do
    echo ARG:$arg
done

调用示例:

./myscript -v -do /fizz/someOtherFile -f ./foo/bar/someFile
OPT:v 
OPT:d 
OPT:o OPTARG:/fizz/someOtherFile
OPT:f 
ARG:./foo/bar/someFile

此示例显示了如何使用getopt和eval以及HEREDOC和shift来处理短参数和长参数,以及是否具有以下所需值。此外,switch/case语句简洁易懂。

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# usage function
function usage()
{
   cat << HEREDOC

   Usage: $progname [--num NUM] [--time TIME_STR] [--verbose] [--dry-run]

   optional arguments:
     -h, --help           show this help message and exit
     -n, --num NUM        pass in a number
     -t, --time TIME_STR  pass in a time string
     -v, --verbose        increase the verbosity of the bash script
     --dry-run            do a dry run, dont change any files

HEREDOC
}  

# initialize variables
progname=$(basename $0)
verbose=0
dryrun=0
num_str=
time_str=

# use getopt and store the output into $OPTS
# note the use of -o for the short options, --long for the long name options
# and a : for any option that takes a parameter
OPTS=$(getopt -o "hn:t:v" --long "help,num:,time:,verbose,dry-run" -n "$progname" -- "$@")
if [ $? != 0 ] ; then echo "Error in command line arguments." >&2 ; usage; exit 1 ; fi
eval set -- "$OPTS"

while true; do
  # uncomment the next line to see how shift is working
  # echo "\$1:\"$1\" \$2:\"$2\""
  case "$1" in
    -h | --help ) usage; exit; ;;
    -n | --num ) num_str="$2"; shift 2 ;;
    -t | --time ) time_str="$2"; shift 2 ;;
    --dry-run ) dryrun=1; shift ;;
    -v | --verbose ) verbose=$((verbose + 1)); shift ;;
    -- ) shift; break ;;
    * ) break ;;
  esac
done

if (( $verbose > 0 )); then

   # print out all the parameters we read in
   cat <<EOM
   num=$num_str
   time=$time_str
   verbose=$verbose
   dryrun=$dryrun
EOM
fi

# The rest of your script below

以上脚本中最重要的几行是:

OPTS=$(getopt -o "hn:t:v" --long "help,num:,time:,verbose,dry-run" -n "$progname" -- "$@")
if [ $? != 0 ] ; then echo "Error in command line arguments." >&2 ; exit 1 ; fi
eval set -- "$OPTS"

while true; do
  case "$1" in
    -h | --help ) usage; exit; ;;
    -n | --num ) num_str="$2"; shift 2 ;;
    -t | --time ) time_str="$2"; shift 2 ;;
    --dry-run ) dryrun=1; shift ;;
    -v | --verbose ) verbose=$((verbose + 1)); shift ;;
    -- ) shift; break ;;
    * ) break ;;
  esac
done

简短,切中要害,可读,处理几乎所有的事情(IMHO)。

希望这对某人有所帮助。