关于ECMAScript 2015引入的类。其他答案并不完全清楚。

下面是一个示例，演示如何使用ClassName.var synthax创建静态var-staticVar：

class MyClass {
    constructor(val) {
        this.instanceVar = val;
        MyClass.staticVar = 10;
    }
}

var class1 = new MyClass(1);
console.log(class1.instanceVar);      // 1
console.log(class1.constructor.staticVar); // 10

// New instance of MyClass with another value
var class2 = new MyClass(3);
console.log(class1.instanceVar);      // 1
console.log(class2.instanceVar);      // 3

为了访问静态变量，我们使用.constructor属性，该属性返回对创建类的对象构造函数的引用。我们可以在两个创建的实例上调用它：

MyClass.staticVar = 11;
console.log(class1.constructor.staticVar); // 11
console.log(class2.constructor.staticVar); // 11 <-- yes it's static! :)

MyClass.staticVar = 12;
console.log(class1.constructor.staticVar); // 12
console.log(class2.constructor.staticVar); // 12

JavaScript中最接近静态变量的是一个全局变量——这只是一个在函数或对象文本范围之外声明的变量：

var thisIsGlobal = 1;

function foo() {
    var thisIsNot = 2;
}

您可以做的另一件事是将全局变量存储在对象文本中，如下所示：

var foo = { bar : 1 }

然后像这样访问变量：foo.bar。

在JavaScript中，默认情况下变量是静态的。例子：

var x = 0;

function draw() {
    alert(x); //
    x+=1;
}

setInterval(draw, 1000);

x的值每1000毫秒递增1它将打印1,2,3等

函数的/类只允许其对象范围使用一个构造函数。函数提升、声明和表达式

使用Function构造函数创建的函数不会创建其创建上下文的闭包；它们总是在全局范围内创建的。var functionClass=函数（）{var currentClass=形状；_继承（currentClass，superClass）；function functionClass（）｛superClass.call（this）；//与superClass构造函数链接。//实例变量列表。this.id=id；返回此；}}（特级）

闭包-闭包的副本是保存数据的函数。

每个闭包的副本都被创建到一个具有自己的自由值或引用的函数。每当您在另一个函数中使用函数时，都会使用闭包。JavaScript中的闭包就像innerFunctions维护其父函数的所有局部变量的副本。函数closureFun（参数）{//结束于闭包内的局部变量var num=参数；num++；return函数（）｛console.log（num）；｝}var closure1=closureFun（5）；var closure2=closureFun（777）；closure1（）；//5.closure2（）；//777closure2（）；//778closure1（）；//6.

ES5函数类：使用Object.defineProperty（O，P，Attributes）

Object.defineProperty（）方法直接在对象上定义新属性，或修改对象上的现有属性，然后返回对象。

使用“”创建了一些方法，以便每次都能轻松理解函数类。

'use strict';
var Shape = function ( superClass ) {
    var currentClass = Shape;
    _inherits(currentClass, superClass); // Prototype Chain - Extends

    function Shape(id) { superClass.call(this); // Linking with SuperClass Constructor.
        // Instance Variables list.
        this.id = id;   return this;
    }
    var staticVariablesJOSN = { "parent_S_V" : 777 };
    staticVariable( currentClass, staticVariablesJOSN );

    // Setters, Getters, instanceMethods. [{}, {}];
    var instanceFunctions = [
        {
            key: 'uniqueID',
            get: function get() { return this.id; },
            set: function set(changeVal) { this.id = changeVal; }
        }
    ];
    instanceMethods( currentClass, instanceFunctions );

    return currentClass;
}(Object);

var Rectangle = function ( superClass ) {
    var currentClass = Rectangle;

    _inherits(currentClass, superClass); // Prototype Chain - Extends

    function Rectangle(id, width, height) { superClass.call(this, id); // Linking with SuperClass Constructor.

        this.width = width;
        this.height = height;   return this;
    }

    var staticVariablesJOSN = { "_staticVar" : 77777 };
    staticVariable( currentClass, staticVariablesJOSN );

    var staticFunctions = [
        {
            key: 'println',
            value: function println() { console.log('Static Method'); }
        }
    ];
    staticMethods(currentClass, staticFunctions);

    var instanceFunctions = [
        {
            key: 'setStaticVar',
            value: function setStaticVar(staticVal) {
                currentClass.parent_S_V = staticVal;
                console.log('SET Instance Method Parent Class Static Value : ', currentClass.parent_S_V);
            }
        }, {
            key: 'getStaticVar',
            value: function getStaticVar() {
                console.log('GET Instance Method Parent Class Static Value : ', currentClass.parent_S_V);
                return currentClass.parent_S_V;
            }
        }, {
            key: 'area',
            get: function get() {
                console.log('Area : ', this.width * this.height);
                return this.width * this.height;
                }
        }, {
            key: 'globalValue',
            get: function get() {
                console.log('GET ID : ', currentClass._staticVar);
                return currentClass._staticVar;
            },
            set: function set(value) {
                currentClass._staticVar = value;
                console.log('SET ID : ', currentClass._staticVar);
            }
        }
    ];
    instanceMethods( currentClass, instanceFunctions );

    return currentClass;
}(Shape);

// ===== ES5 Class Conversion Supported Functions =====
function defineProperties(target, props) {
    console.log(target, ' : ', props);
    for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {
        var descriptor = props[i];
        descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;
        descriptor.configurable = true;
        if ("value" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;
        Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);
    }
}
function staticMethods( currentClass, staticProps ) {
    defineProperties(currentClass, staticProps);
};
function instanceMethods( currentClass, protoProps ) {
    defineProperties(currentClass.prototype, protoProps);
};
function staticVariable( currentClass, staticVariales ) {
    // Get Key Set and get its corresponding value.
    // currentClass.key = value;
    for( var prop in staticVariales ) {
        console.log('Keys : Values');
        if( staticVariales.hasOwnProperty( prop ) ) {
            console.log(prop, ' : ', staticVariales[ prop ] );
            currentClass[ prop ] = staticVariales[ prop ];
        }
    }
};
function _inherits(subClass, superClass) {
    console.log( subClass, ' : extends : ', superClass );
    if (typeof superClass !== "function" && superClass !== null) {
        throw new TypeError("Super expression must either be null or a function, not " + typeof superClass);
    }
    subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, 
            { constructor: { value: subClass, enumerable: false, writable: true, configurable: true } });
    if (superClass)
        Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass) : subClass.__proto__ = superClass;
}

下面的代码片段是测试每个实例都有自己的实例成员和公共静态成员的副本。

var objTest = new Rectangle('Yash_777', 8, 7);
console.dir(objTest);

var obj1 = new Rectangle('R_1', 50, 20);
Rectangle.println(); // Static Method
console.log( obj1 );    // Rectangle {id: "R_1", width: 50, height: 20}
obj1.area;              // Area :  1000
obj1.globalValue;       // GET ID :  77777
obj1.globalValue = 88;  // SET ID :  88
obj1.globalValue;       // GET ID :  88  

var obj2 = new Rectangle('R_2', 5, 70);
console.log( obj2 );    // Rectangle {id: "R_2", width: 5, height: 70}
obj2.area;              // Area :  350    
obj2.globalValue;       // GET ID :  88
obj2.globalValue = 999; // SET ID :  999
obj2.globalValue;       // GET ID :  999

console.log('Static Variable Actions.');
obj1.globalValue;        // GET ID :  999

console.log('Parent Class Static variables');
obj1.getStaticVar();    // GET Instance Method Parent Class Static Value :  777
obj1.setStaticVar(7);   // SET Instance Method Parent Class Static Value :  7
obj1.getStaticVar();    // GET Instance Method Parent Class Static Value :  7

静态方法调用直接在类上进行，不能在类的实例上调用。但您可以从实例内部实现对静态成员的调用。使用语法：this.constructor.staticfunctionName（）；

class MyClass {
    constructor() {}
    static staticMethod() {
        console.log('Static Method');
    }
}
MyClass.staticVar = 777;

var myInstance = new MyClass();
// calling from instance
myInstance.constructor.staticMethod();
console.log('From Inside Class : ',myInstance.constructor.staticVar);

// calling from class
MyClass.staticMethod();
console.log('Class : ', MyClass.staticVar);

ES6类：ES2015类比基于原型的OO模式更简单。拥有一个方便的声明性表单可以使类模式更易于使用，并鼓励互操作性。类支持基于原型的继承、超级调用、实例和静态方法以及构造函数。

示例：参考我以前的帖子。

要在这里浓缩所有的类概念，请测试：

var Test = function() {
  // "super private" variable, accessible only here in constructor. There are no real private variables
  //if as 'private' we intend variables accessible only by the class that defines the member and NOT by child classes
  var test_var = "super private";

  //the only way to access the "super private" test_var is from here
  this.privileged = function(){
    console.log(test_var);
  }();

  Test.test_var = 'protected';//protected variable: accessible only form inherited methods (prototype) AND child/inherited classes

  this.init();
};//end constructor

Test.test_var = "static";//static variable: accessible everywhere (I mean, even out of prototype, see domready below)

Test.prototype = {

 init:function(){
   console.log('in',Test.test_var);
 }

};//end prototype/class


//for example:
$(document).ready(function() {

 console.log('out',Test.test_var);

 var Jake = function(){}

 Jake.prototype = new Test();

 Jake.prototype.test = function(){
   console.log('jake', Test.test_var);
 }

 var jake = new Jake();

 jake.test();//output: "protected"

});//end domready

好吧，另一种了解这些方面最佳实践的方法是看看咖啡脚本是如何翻译这些概念的。

#this is coffeescript
class Test
 #static
 @prop = "static"

 #instance
 constructor:(prop) ->
   @prop = prop
   console.log(@prop)

 t = new Test('inst_prop');

 console.log(Test.prop);


//this is how the above is translated in plain js by the CS compiler
  Test = (function() {
    Test.prop = "static";

    function Test(prop) {
     this.prop = prop;
     console.log(this.prop);
    }

    return Test;

  })();

  t = new Test('inst_prop');

  console.log(Test.prop);

在使用jQuery的MVC网站中，我希望确保某些事件处理程序中的AJAX操作只能在前一个请求完成后执行。我使用一个“静态”jqXHR对象变量来实现这一点。

按下以下按钮：

<button type="button" onclick="ajaxAction(this, { url: '/SomeController/SomeAction' })">Action!</button>

我通常使用这样的IIFE作为点击处理程序：

var ajaxAction = (function (jqXHR) {
    return function (sender, args) {
        if (!jqXHR || jqXHR.readyState == 0 || jqXHR.readyState == 4) {
            jqXHR = $.ajax({
                url: args.url,
                type: 'POST',
                contentType: 'application/json',
                data: JSON.stringify($(sender).closest('form').serialize()),
                success: function (data) {
                    // Do something here with the data.
                }
            });
        }
    };
})(null);