如何在Javascript中创建静态变量?
当前回答
当我看到这个时,我记得JavaScript闭包。。我是这样做的。。
function Increment() {
var num = 0; // Here num is a private static variable
return function () {
return ++num;
}
}
var inc = new Increment();
console.log(inc());//Prints 1
console.log(inc());//Prints 2
console.log(inc());//Prints 3
其他回答
如果要创建全局静态变量:
var my_id = 123;
将变量替换为以下内容:
Object.defineProperty(window, 'my_id', {
get: function() {
return 123;
},
configurable : false,
enumerable : false
});
在使用jQuery的MVC网站中,我希望确保某些事件处理程序中的AJAX操作只能在前一个请求完成后执行。我使用一个“静态”jqXHR对象变量来实现这一点。
按下以下按钮:
<button type="button" onclick="ajaxAction(this, { url: '/SomeController/SomeAction' })">Action!</button>
我通常使用这样的IIFE作为点击处理程序:
var ajaxAction = (function (jqXHR) {
return function (sender, args) {
if (!jqXHR || jqXHR.readyState == 0 || jqXHR.readyState == 4) {
jqXHR = $.ajax({
url: args.url,
type: 'POST',
contentType: 'application/json',
data: JSON.stringify($(sender).closest('form').serialize()),
success: function (data) {
// Do something here with the data.
}
});
}
};
})(null);
如果您来自基于类的静态类型的面向对象语言(如Java、C++或C#),我假设您试图创建与“类型”相关联的变量或方法,而不是与实例相关联的。
使用带有构造函数的“经典”方法的示例可能会帮助您了解基本OO JavaScript的概念:
function MyClass () { // constructor function
var privateVariable = "foo"; // Private variable
this.publicVariable = "bar"; // Public variable
this.privilegedMethod = function () { // Public Method
alert(privateVariable);
};
}
// Instance method will be available to all instances but only load once in memory
MyClass.prototype.publicMethod = function () {
alert(this.publicVariable);
};
// Static variable shared by all instances
MyClass.staticProperty = "baz";
var myInstance = new MyClass();
staticProperty在MyClass对象(这是一个函数)中定义,与它创建的实例无关,JavaScript将函数视为一级对象,因此作为一个对象,可以将财产分配给函数。
UPDATE:ES6引入了通过class关键字声明类的能力。它是现有的基于原型的继承的语法糖。
static关键字允许您轻松定义类中的静态财产或方法。
让我们看看上面用ES6类实现的示例:
类MyClass{//类构造函数,等效于//构造函数的函数体构造器(){const privateVariable=“private value”;//构造函数范围内的私有变量this.publicVariable='公共值';//公共财产this.privilegedMethod=函数(){//具有构造函数范围变量访问权限的公共方法console.log(privateVariable);};}//原型方法:publicMethod(){console.log(this.publicVariable);}//所有实例共享的静态财产static staticProperty='静态值';静态静态方法(){console.log(this.staticProperty);}}//我们可以将财产添加到类原型中MyClass.prototype.additionalMethod=函数(){console.log(this.publicVariable);};var myInstance=新建MyClass();myInstance.publicMethod();//“公共价值”myInstance.additionalMethod();//“公共价值”myInstance.privilegedMethod();//“私人价值”MyClass.staticMethod();//“静态值”
function Person(){
if(Person.count == undefined){
Person.count = 1;
}
else{
Person.count ++;
}
console.log(Person.count);
}
var p1 = new Person();
var p2 = new Person();
var p3 = new Person();
要在这里浓缩所有的类概念,请测试:
var Test = function() {
// "super private" variable, accessible only here in constructor. There are no real private variables
//if as 'private' we intend variables accessible only by the class that defines the member and NOT by child classes
var test_var = "super private";
//the only way to access the "super private" test_var is from here
this.privileged = function(){
console.log(test_var);
}();
Test.test_var = 'protected';//protected variable: accessible only form inherited methods (prototype) AND child/inherited classes
this.init();
};//end constructor
Test.test_var = "static";//static variable: accessible everywhere (I mean, even out of prototype, see domready below)
Test.prototype = {
init:function(){
console.log('in',Test.test_var);
}
};//end prototype/class
//for example:
$(document).ready(function() {
console.log('out',Test.test_var);
var Jake = function(){}
Jake.prototype = new Test();
Jake.prototype.test = function(){
console.log('jake', Test.test_var);
}
var jake = new Jake();
jake.test();//output: "protected"
});//end domready
好吧,另一种了解这些方面最佳实践的方法是看看咖啡脚本是如何翻译这些概念的。
#this is coffeescript
class Test
#static
@prop = "static"
#instance
constructor:(prop) ->
@prop = prop
console.log(@prop)
t = new Test('inst_prop');
console.log(Test.prop);
//this is how the above is translated in plain js by the CS compiler
Test = (function() {
Test.prop = "static";
function Test(prop) {
this.prop = prop;
console.log(this.prop);
}
return Test;
})();
t = new Test('inst_prop');
console.log(Test.prop);