避免将类型与sizeof一起使用，因为如果改变数组类型，sizeof(array)/sizeof(char)会突然被破坏。

在visual studio中，你有等效的if sizeof(array)/sizeof(*array)。 你可以输入_countof(array)

在c++中，使用std::array类来声明数组，可以很容易地找到数组的大小以及最后一个元素。

#include<iostream>
#include<array>
int main()
{
    std::array<int,3> arr;

    //To find the size of the array
    std::cout<<arr.size()<<std::endl;

    //Accessing the last element
    auto it=arr.end();
    std::cout<<arr.back()<<"\t"<<arr[arr.size()-1]<<"\t"<<*(--it);

    return 0;
}

事实上，数组类有很多其他函数，让我们使用数组作为标准容器。 参考1到c++ std::array类 引用2到std::array类 参考文献中的例子很有帮助。

对于旧的g++编译器，您可以这样做

template <class T, size_t N>
char (&helper(T (&)[N]))[N];

#define arraysize(array) (sizeof(helper(array)))

int main() {
    int a[10];
    std::cout << arraysize(a) << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

下面是谷歌Protobuf中ArraySize的一个实现。

#define GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(a) \
  ((sizeof(a) / sizeof(*(a))) / static_cast<size_t>(!(sizeof(a) % sizeof(*(a)))))

// test codes...
char* ptr[] = { "you", "are", "here" };
int testarr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
cout << GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(testarr) << endl;
cout << GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(ptr) << endl;

ARRAYSIZE(arr) works by inspecting sizeof(arr) (the # of bytes in the array) and sizeof(*(arr)) (the # of bytes in one array element). If the former is divisible by the latter, perhaps arr is indeed an array, in which case the division result is the # of elements in the array. Otherwise, arr cannot possibly be an array, and we generate a compiler error to prevent the code from compiling. Since the size of bool is implementation-defined, we need to cast !(sizeof(a) & sizeof(*(a))) to size_t in order to ensure the final result has type size_t. This macro is not perfect as it wrongfully accepts certain pointers, namely where the pointer size is divisible by the pointee size. Since all our code has to go through a 32-bit compiler, where a pointer is 4 bytes, this means all pointers to a type whose size is 3 or greater than 4 will be (righteously) rejected.

虽然这是一个老问题，但值得将答案更新到c++ 17。在标准库中，现在有一个模板化函数std::size()，它返回std容器或c风格数组中的元素数量。例如:

#include <iterator>

uint32_t data[] = {10, 20, 30, 40};
auto dataSize = std::size(data);
// dataSize == 4

vector有一个size()方法，该方法返回vector中元素的数量。

(是的，这是半开玩笑的回答)