如果你正在使用django模型，你可以直接将encoder=DjangoJSONEncoder传递给field构造函数。它会像魔法一样有效。

from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder 
from django.db import models 
from django.utils.timezone import now


class Activity(models.Model):
    diff = models.JSONField(null=True, blank=True, encoder=DjangoJSONEncoder)


diff = {
    "a": 1,
    "b": "BB",
    "c": now()
}

Activity.objects.create(diff=diff)

以下是我的解决方案:

import json


class DatetimeEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
    def default(self, obj):
        try:
            return super().default(obj)
        except TypeError:
            return str(obj)

然后你可以这样使用它:

json.dumps(dictionnary, cls=DatetimeEncoder)

我的解决方案(我认为不那么冗长):

def default(o):
    if type(o) is datetime.date or type(o) is datetime.datetime:
        return o.isoformat()

def jsondumps(o):
    return json.dumps(o, default=default)

然后使用jsondumps而不是json.dumps。它将打印:

>>> jsondumps({'today': datetime.date.today()})
'{"today": "2013-07-30"}'

如果你想，以后你可以添加其他特殊情况，通过一个简单的默认方法。例子:

def default(o):
    if type(o) is datetime.date or type(o) is datetime.datetime:
        return o.isoformat()
    if type(o) is decimal.Decimal:
        return float(o)

试着用一个例子来解析它:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import datetime
import json

import dateutil.parser  # pip install python-dateutil


class JSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):

    def default(self, obj):
        if isinstance(obj, datetime.datetime):
            return obj.isoformat()
        return super(JSONEncoder, self).default(obj)


def test():
    dts = [
        datetime.datetime.now(),
        datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone(-datetime.timedelta(hours=4))),
        datetime.datetime.utcnow(),
        datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc),
    ]
    for dt in dts:
        dt_isoformat = json.loads(json.dumps(dt, cls=JSONEncoder))
        dt_parsed = dateutil.parser.parse(dt_isoformat)
        assert dt == dt_parsed
        print(f'{dt}, {dt_isoformat}, {dt_parsed}')
        # 2018-07-22 02:22:42.910637, 2018-07-22T02:22:42.910637, 2018-07-22 02:22:42.910637
        # 2018-07-22 02:22:42.910643-04:00, 2018-07-22T02:22:42.910643-04:00, 2018-07-22 02:22:42.910643-04:00
        # 2018-07-22 06:22:42.910645, 2018-07-22T06:22:42.910645, 2018-07-22 06:22:42.910645
        # 2018-07-22 06:22:42.910646+00:00, 2018-07-22T06:22:42.910646+00:00, 2018-07-22 06:22:42.910646+00:00


if __name__ == '__main__':
    test()

我的解决方案是……

from datetime import datetime
import json

from pytz import timezone
import pytz


def json_dt_serializer(obj):
    """JSON serializer, by macm.
    """
    rsp = dict()
    if isinstance(obj, datetime):
        rsp['day'] = obj.day
        rsp['hour'] = obj.hour
        rsp['microsecond'] = obj.microsecond
        rsp['minute'] = obj.minute
        rsp['month'] = obj.month
        rsp['second'] = obj.second
        rsp['year'] = obj.year
        rsp['tzinfo'] = str(obj.tzinfo)
        return rsp
    raise TypeError("Type not serializable")


def json_dt_deserialize(obj):
    """JSON deserialize from json_dt_serializer, by macm.
    """
    if isinstance(obj, str):
        obj = json.loads(obj)
    tzone = timezone(obj['tzinfo'])
    tmp_dt = datetime(obj['year'],
                      obj['month'],
                      obj['day'],
                      hour=obj['hour'],
                      minute=obj['minute'],
                      second=obj['second'],
                      microsecond=obj['microsecond'])
    loc_dt = tzone.localize(tmp_dt)
    deserialize = loc_dt.astimezone(tzone)
    return deserialize    

好，现在来做一些测试。

# Tests
now = datetime.now(pytz.utc)

# Using this solution
rsp = json_dt_serializer(now)
tmp = json_dt_deserialize(rsp)
assert tmp == now
assert isinstance(tmp, datetime) == True
assert isinstance(now, datetime) == True

# using default from json.dumps
tmp = json.dumps(datetime.now(pytz.utc), default=json_dt_serializer)
rsp = json_dt_deserialize(tmp)
assert isinstance(rsp, datetime) == True

# Lets try another timezone
eastern = timezone('US/Eastern')
now = datetime.now(eastern)
rsp = json_dt_serializer(now)
tmp = json_dt_deserialize(rsp)

print(tmp)
# 2015-10-22 09:18:33.169302-04:00

print(now)
# 2015-10-22 09:18:33.169302-04:00

# Wow, Works!
assert tmp == now

其实很简单。 如果您需要经常序列化日期，那么可以将它们作为字符串使用。如果需要，您可以轻松地将它们转换回datetime对象。

如果您主要需要作为datetime对象工作，那么在序列化之前将它们转换为字符串。

import json, datetime

date = str(datetime.datetime.now())
print(json.dumps(date))
"2018-12-01 15:44:34.409085"
print(type(date))
<class 'str'>

datetime_obj = datetime.datetime.strptime(date, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f')
print(datetime_obj)
2018-12-01 15:44:34.409085
print(type(datetime_obj))
<class 'datetime.datetime'>

如您所见，两种情况下的输出是相同的。只是类型不同。