我有一个基本的字典如下:
sample = {}
sample['title'] = "String"
sample['somedate'] = somedatetimehere
当我尝试做jsonify(sample)时，我得到:
TypeError: datetime.datetime(2012, 8, 8, 21, 46, 24, 862000) is not JSON serializable
我该怎么做才能使我的字典样本克服上面的错误呢?
注意:虽然它可能不相关，字典是从mongodb的记录检索中生成的，当我打印出str(sample['somedate'])时，输出是2012-08-08 21:46:24.862000。
当前回答
这个Q一遍又一遍地重复——一种简单的方法来修补json模块，这样序列化将支持datetime。
import json
import datetime
json.JSONEncoder.default = lambda self,obj: (obj.isoformat() if isinstance(obj, datetime.datetime) else None)
然后像往常一样使用json序列化-这次使用datetime序列化为isoformat。
json.dumps({'created':datetime.datetime.now()})
导致:'{"created": "2015-08-26T14:21:31.853855"}'
查看更多细节和一些警告的话: StackOverflow: Python和JavaScript之间的JSON日期时间
其他回答
在使用sqlalchemy在类中编写序列化装饰器时，我得到了相同的错误消息。所以不要:
Class Puppy(Base):
...
@property
def serialize(self):
return { 'id':self.id,
'date_birth':self.date_birth,
...
}
我只是借用了jgbarah使用isoformat()的想法，并将原始值附加到isoformat()，这样它现在看起来就像:
...
'date_birth':self.date_birth.isoformat(),
...
如果你想要自己的格式，一个快速修复
for key,val in sample.items():
if isinstance(val, datetime):
sample[key] = '{:%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S}'.format(val) #you can add different formating here
json.dumps(sample)
试着用一个例子来解析它:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import datetime
import json
import dateutil.parser # pip install python-dateutil
class JSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
def default(self, obj):
if isinstance(obj, datetime.datetime):
return obj.isoformat()
return super(JSONEncoder, self).default(obj)
def test():
dts = [
datetime.datetime.now(),
datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone(-datetime.timedelta(hours=4))),
datetime.datetime.utcnow(),
datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc),
]
for dt in dts:
dt_isoformat = json.loads(json.dumps(dt, cls=JSONEncoder))
dt_parsed = dateutil.parser.parse(dt_isoformat)
assert dt == dt_parsed
print(f'{dt}, {dt_isoformat}, {dt_parsed}')
# 2018-07-22 02:22:42.910637, 2018-07-22T02:22:42.910637, 2018-07-22 02:22:42.910637
# 2018-07-22 02:22:42.910643-04:00, 2018-07-22T02:22:42.910643-04:00, 2018-07-22 02:22:42.910643-04:00
# 2018-07-22 06:22:42.910645, 2018-07-22T06:22:42.910645, 2018-07-22 06:22:42.910645
# 2018-07-22 06:22:42.910646+00:00, 2018-07-22T06:22:42.910646+00:00, 2018-07-22 06:22:42.910646+00:00
if __name__ == '__main__':
test()
我的解决方案是……
from datetime import datetime
import json
from pytz import timezone
import pytz
def json_dt_serializer(obj):
"""JSON serializer, by macm.
"""
rsp = dict()
if isinstance(obj, datetime):
rsp['day'] = obj.day
rsp['hour'] = obj.hour
rsp['microsecond'] = obj.microsecond
rsp['minute'] = obj.minute
rsp['month'] = obj.month
rsp['second'] = obj.second
rsp['year'] = obj.year
rsp['tzinfo'] = str(obj.tzinfo)
return rsp
raise TypeError("Type not serializable")
def json_dt_deserialize(obj):
"""JSON deserialize from json_dt_serializer, by macm.
"""
if isinstance(obj, str):
obj = json.loads(obj)
tzone = timezone(obj['tzinfo'])
tmp_dt = datetime(obj['year'],
obj['month'],
obj['day'],
hour=obj['hour'],
minute=obj['minute'],
second=obj['second'],
microsecond=obj['microsecond'])
loc_dt = tzone.localize(tmp_dt)
deserialize = loc_dt.astimezone(tzone)
return deserialize
好，现在来做一些测试。
# Tests
now = datetime.now(pytz.utc)
# Using this solution
rsp = json_dt_serializer(now)
tmp = json_dt_deserialize(rsp)
assert tmp == now
assert isinstance(tmp, datetime) == True
assert isinstance(now, datetime) == True
# using default from json.dumps
tmp = json.dumps(datetime.now(pytz.utc), default=json_dt_serializer)
rsp = json_dt_deserialize(tmp)
assert isinstance(rsp, datetime) == True
# Lets try another timezone
eastern = timezone('US/Eastern')
now = datetime.now(eastern)
rsp = json_dt_serializer(now)
tmp = json_dt_deserialize(rsp)
print(tmp)
# 2015-10-22 09:18:33.169302-04:00
print(now)
# 2015-10-22 09:18:33.169302-04:00
# Wow, Works!
assert tmp == now
根据@jjmontes的回答，我使用了以下方法。 适用于flask和flask-rest用户
# get json string
jsonStr = json.dumps(my_dictionary, indent=1, sort_keys=True, default=str)
# then covert json string to json object
return json.loads(jsonStr)
