当从代码中调用web资源时,一个常见的任务是构建一个包含所有必要参数的查询字符串。虽然这绝不是火箭科学,但有一些漂亮的细节需要注意,例如,如果不是第一个参数,则添加&,对参数进行编码等。

实现它的代码非常简单,但有点乏味:

StringBuilder SB = new StringBuilder();
if (NeedsToAddParameter A) 
{ 
  SB.Append("A="); SB.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode("TheValueOfA")); 
}

if (NeedsToAddParameter B) 
{
  if (SB.Length>0) SB.Append("&"); 
  SB.Append("B="); SB.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode("TheValueOfB")); }
}

这是一个非常常见的任务,人们希望存在一个实用工具类,使其更加优雅和可读。扫描MSDN,我没有找到一个,这让我想到了以下问题:

你所知道的最优雅干净的方法是什么?


当前回答

未经测试,但我认为沿着这些路线的东西会工作得很好

public class QueryString
{
    private Dictionary<string,string> _Params = new Dictionary<string,string>();

    public overide ToString()
    {
        List<string> returnParams = new List<string>();

        foreach (KeyValuePair param in _Params)
        {
            returnParams.Add(String.Format("{0}={1}", param.Key, param.Value));
        }

        // return String.Format("?{0}", String.Join("&", returnParams.ToArray())); 

        // credit annakata
        return "?" + String.Join("&", returnParams.ToArray());
    }

    public void Add(string key, string value)
    {
        _Params.Add(key, HttpUtility.UrlEncode(value));
    }
}

QueryString query = new QueryString();

query.Add("param1", "value1");
query.Add("param2", "value2");

return query.ToString();

其他回答

这是另一种(可能是多余的:-])方法。

其概念与本页的《吠陀经》答案相同(请看这里)。

但是这个类更有效,因为它只迭代所有key一次:当调用ToString时。

格式化代码也进行了简化和改进。

希望对大家有所帮助。

public sealed class QueryStringBuilder
{
    public QueryStringBuilder()
    {
        this.inner = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(string.Empty);
    }

    public QueryStringBuilder(string queryString)
    {
        this.inner = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(queryString);
    }

    public QueryStringBuilder(string queryString, Encoding encoding)
    {
        this.inner = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(queryString, encoding);
    }

    private readonly NameValueCollection inner;

    public QueryStringBuilder AddKey(string key, string value)
    {
        this.inner.Add(key, value);
        return this;
    }

    public QueryStringBuilder RemoveKey(string key)
    {
        this.inner.Remove(key);
        return this;
    }

    public QueryStringBuilder Clear()
    {
        this.inner.Clear();
        return this;
    }

    public override String ToString()
    {
        if (this.inner.Count == 0)
            return string.Empty;

        var builder = new StringBuilder();

        for (int i = 0; i < this.inner.Count; i++)
        {
            if (builder.Length > 0)
                builder.Append('&');

            var key = this.inner.GetKey(i);
            var values = this.inner.GetValues(i);

            if (key == null || values == null || values.Length == 0)
                continue;

            for (int j = 0; j < values.Length; j++)
            {
                if (j > 0)
                    builder.Append('&');

                builder.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode(key));
                builder.Append('=');
                builder.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode(values[j]));
            }
        }

        return builder.ToString();
    }
}

这是我最近的记录。由于种种原因,我不喜欢其他的,所以我自己写了一个。

这个版本的特点:

Use of StringBuilder only. No ToArray() calls or other extension methods. It doesn't look as pretty as some of the other responses, but I consider this a core function so efficiency is more important than having "fluent", "one-liner" code which hide inefficiencies. Handles multiple values per key. (Didn't need it myself but just to silence Mauricio ;) public string ToQueryString(NameValueCollection nvc) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("?"); bool first = true; foreach (string key in nvc.AllKeys) { foreach (string value in nvc.GetValues(key)) { if (!first) { sb.Append("&"); } sb.AppendFormat("{0}={1}", Uri.EscapeDataString(key), Uri.EscapeDataString(value)); first = false; } } return sb.ToString(); }

示例使用

        var queryParams = new NameValueCollection()
        {
            { "x", "1" },
            { "y", "2" },
            { "foo", "bar" },
            { "foo", "baz" },
            { "special chars", "? = &" },
        };

        string url = "http://example.com/stuff" + ToQueryString(queryParams);

        Console.WriteLine(url);

输出

http://example.com/stuff?x=1&y=2&foo=bar&foo=baz&special%20chars=%3F%20%3D%20%26

我需要为我正在开发的可移植类库(PCL)解决同样的问题。在这种情况下,我没有访问系统的权限。所以我不能用ParseQueryString。

相反,我使用System.Net.Http.FormUrlEncodedContent像这样:

var url = new UriBuilder("http://example.com");

url.Query = new FormUrlEncodedContent(new Dictionary<string,string>()
{
    {"param1", "val1"},
    {"param2", "val2"},
    {"param3", "val3"},
}).ReadAsStringAsync().Result;

适用于NameValueCollection中每个键的多个值。

例:{{“k1”、“v1”},{“k1”、“v1”}}= > ? k1 = v1&k1 = v1

/// <summary>
/// Get query string for name value collection.
/// </summary>
public static string ToQueryString(this NameValueCollection collection,
    bool prefixQuestionMark = true)
{
    collection.NullArgumentCheck();
    if (collection.Keys.Count == 0)
    {
        return "";
    }
    var buffer = new StringBuilder();
    if (prefixQuestionMark)
    {
        buffer.Append("?");
    }
    var append = false;
    for (int i = 0; i < collection.Keys.Count; i++)
    {
        var key = collection.Keys[i];
        var values = collection.GetValues(key);
        key.NullCheck();
        values.NullCheck();
        foreach (var value in values)
        {
            if (append)
            {
                buffer.Append("&");
            }
            append = true;
            buffer.AppendFormat("{0}={1}", key.UrlEncode(), value.UrlEncode());
        }
    }
    return buffer.ToString();
}

我使用了DSO提出的解决方案(在8月2日11日7:29回答),他的解决方案不需要使用HttpUtility。然而,根据Dotnetpearls上的一篇文章,使用Dictionary比使用NameValueCollection(在性能上)更快。下面是修改后的DSO解决方案,使用Dictionary代替NameValueCollection。

    public static Dictionary<string, string> QueryParametersDictionary()
    {
        var dictionary = new Dictionary<string, string>();
        dictionary.Add("name", "John Doe");
        dictionary.Add("address.city", "Seattle");
        dictionary.Add("address.state_code", "WA");
        dictionary.Add("api_key", "5352345263456345635");

        return dictionary;
    }

    public static string ToQueryString(Dictionary<string, string> nvc)
    {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

        bool first = true;

        foreach (KeyValuePair<string, string> pair in nvc)
        {
                if (!first)
                {
                    sb.Append("&");
                }

                sb.AppendFormat("{0}={1}", Uri.EscapeDataString(pair.Key), Uri.EscapeDataString(pair.Value));

                first = false;
        }

        return sb.ToString();
    }