当从代码中调用web资源时,一个常见的任务是构建一个包含所有必要参数的查询字符串。虽然这绝不是火箭科学,但有一些漂亮的细节需要注意,例如,如果不是第一个参数,则添加&,对参数进行编码等。

实现它的代码非常简单,但有点乏味:

StringBuilder SB = new StringBuilder();
if (NeedsToAddParameter A) 
{ 
  SB.Append("A="); SB.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode("TheValueOfA")); 
}

if (NeedsToAddParameter B) 
{
  if (SB.Length>0) SB.Append("&"); 
  SB.Append("B="); SB.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode("TheValueOfB")); }
}

这是一个非常常见的任务,人们希望存在一个实用工具类,使其更加优雅和可读。扫描MSDN,我没有找到一个,这让我想到了以下问题:

你所知道的最优雅干净的方法是什么?


当前回答

另一种方法是创建一个类NameValueCollection的扩展,返回完整的Url:

public static class CustomMethods
{
    public static string ToUrl(this System.Collections.Specialized.NameValueCollection collection)
    {
        if (collection.Count == 0) return "";

        string completeUrl = "?";
        for (int i = 0; i < collection.Count; i++)
        {
            completeUrl += new Page().Server.UrlEncode(collection.GetKey(i)) + "=" + new Page().Server.UrlEncode(collection.Get(i));
            if ((i + 1) < collection.Count) completeUrl += "&";
        }

        return completeUrl;
    }
}

然后,你可以使用你的新方法,例如:

System.Collections.Specialized.NameValueCollection qString = new System.Collections.Specialized.NameValueCollection();
qString.Add("name", "MyName");
qString.Add("email", "myemail@test.com");
qString.ToUrl(); //Result: "?name=MyName&email=myemail%40test.com"

其他回答

// USAGE
[TestMethod]
public void TestUrlBuilder()
{
    Console.WriteLine(
        new UrlBuilder("http://www.google.com?A=B")
            .AddPath("SomePathName")
            .AddPath("AnotherPathName")
            .SetQuery("SomeQueryKey", "SomeQueryValue")
            .AlterQuery("A", x => x + "C"));
}

输出:

http://www.google.com/SomePathName/AnotherPathName?A=BC&SomeQueryKey=SomeQueryValue

的代码;你们都可以在某个地方,以某种方式感谢我

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;

// By Demetris Leptos
namespace TheOperator.Foundation.Web
{
    public class UrlBuilder
    {
        public string Scheme { get; set; }

        public string Host { get; set; }

        public int? Port { get; set; }

        public List<string> Paths { get; set; }

        public SortedDictionary<string, string> QueryPairs { get; set; }

        public UrlBuilder(string url)
        {
            this.Paths = new List<string>();
            this.QueryPairs = new SortedDictionary<string, string>();

            string path = null;
            string query = null;
            Uri relativeUri = null;
            if (!Uri.TryCreate(url, UriKind.Relative, out relativeUri))
            {
                var uriBuilder = new UriBuilder(url);
                this.Scheme = uriBuilder.Scheme;
                this.Host = uriBuilder.Host;
                this.Port = uriBuilder.Port;
                path = uriBuilder.Path;
                query = uriBuilder.Query;
            }
            else
            {
                var queryIndex = url.IndexOf('?');
                if (queryIndex >= 0)
                {
                    path = url.Substring(0, queryIndex);
                    query = url.Substring(queryIndex + 1);
                }
                else
                {
                    path = url;
                }
            }
            this.Paths.AddRange(path.Split(new char[] { '/' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries));
            if (query != null)
            {
                var queryKeyValuePairs = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(query);
                foreach (var queryKey in queryKeyValuePairs.AllKeys)
                {
                    this.QueryPairs[queryKey] = queryKeyValuePairs[queryKey];
                }
            }
        }

        public UrlBuilder AddPath(string value)
        {
            this.Paths.Add(value);
            return this;
        }

        public UrlBuilder SetQuery(string key, string value)
        {
            this.QueryPairs[key] = value;
            return this;
        }

        public UrlBuilder RemoveQuery(string key)
        {
            this.QueryPairs.Remove(key);
            return this;
        }

        public UrlBuilder AlterQuery(string key, Func<string, string> alterMethod, bool removeOnNull = false)
        {
            string value;
            this.QueryPairs.TryGetValue(key, out value);
            value = alterMethod(value);
            if (removeOnNull && value == null)
            {
                return this.RemoveQuery(key);
            }
            else
            {
                return this.SetQuery(key, value);
            }
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            var path = !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(this.Host)
                ? string.Join("/", this.Host, string.Join("/", this.Paths))
                : string.Join("/", this.Paths);
            var query = string.Join("&", this.QueryPairs.Select(x => string.Concat(x.Key, "=", HttpUtility.UrlEncode(x.Value))));
            return string.Concat(
                !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(this.Scheme) ? string.Concat(this.Scheme, "://") : null,
                path,
                !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(query) ? string.Concat("?", query) : null);
        }
    }
}

你可以通过调用system . web . httputiity . parsequerystring (string.Empty)来创建一个新的可写的HttpValueCollection实例,然后将它用作任何NameValueCollection。一旦你添加了你想要的值,你可以在集合上调用ToString来获得一个查询字符串,如下所示:

NameValueCollection queryString = System.Web.HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(string.Empty);

queryString.Add("key1", "value1");
queryString.Add("key2", "value2");

return queryString.ToString(); // Returns "key1=value1&key2=value2", all URL-encoded

HttpValueCollection是内部的,所以你不能直接构造一个实例。然而,一旦你获得了一个实例,你就可以像使用其他NameValueCollection一样使用它。因为你正在使用的实际对象是一个HttpValueCollection,调用ToString方法将调用HttpValueCollection上的重写方法,它将集合格式化为url编码的查询字符串。

在SO和网络上搜索类似问题的答案后,这是我能找到的最简单的解决方案。

net核心

如果你在。net Core中工作,你可以使用Microsoft.AspNetCore.WebUtilities.QueryHelpers类,它极大地简化了这一点。

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/microsoft.aspnetcore.webutilities.queryhelpers

示例代码:

const string url = "https://customer-information.azure-api.net/customers/search/taxnbr";
var param = new Dictionary<string, string>() { { "CIKey", "123456789" } };

var newUrl = new Uri(QueryHelpers.AddQueryString(url, param));

这里有一种流畅的/lambda-ish方式作为扩展方法(结合了前面文章中的概念),它支持对同一个键使用多个值。我个人更喜欢扩展,而不是包装,以便其他团队成员能够发现这类内容。请注意,关于编码方法存在争议,Stack Overflow(其中一篇)和MSDN博客上有很多关于它的帖子(比如这篇)。

public static string ToQueryString(this NameValueCollection source)
{
    return String.Join("&", source.AllKeys
        .SelectMany(key => source.GetValues(key)
            .Select(value => String.Format("{0}={1}", HttpUtility.UrlEncode(key), HttpUtility.UrlEncode(value))))
        .ToArray());
}

Edit: null支持,不过您可能需要根据您的特定情况对其进行调整

public static string ToQueryString(this NameValueCollection source, bool removeEmptyEntries)
{
    return source != null ? String.Join("&", source.AllKeys
        .Where(key => !removeEmptyEntries || source.GetValues(key)
            .Where(value => !String.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
            .Any())
        .SelectMany(key => source.GetValues(key)
            .Where(value => !removeEmptyEntries || !String.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
            .Select(value => String.Format("{0}={1}", HttpUtility.UrlEncode(key), value != null ? HttpUtility.UrlEncode(value) : string.Empty)))
        .ToArray())
        : string.Empty;
}

我需要为我正在开发的可移植类库(PCL)解决同样的问题。在这种情况下,我没有访问系统的权限。所以我不能用ParseQueryString。

相反,我使用System.Net.Http.FormUrlEncodedContent像这样:

var url = new UriBuilder("http://example.com");

url.Query = new FormUrlEncodedContent(new Dictionary<string,string>()
{
    {"param1", "val1"},
    {"param2", "val2"},
    {"param3", "val3"},
}).ReadAsStringAsync().Result;

只是想说说我的看法

public static class HttpClientExt
{
    public static Uri AddQueryParams(this Uri uri, string query)
    {
        var ub = new UriBuilder(uri);
        ub.Query = string.IsNullOrEmpty(uri.Query) ? query : string.Join("&", uri.Query.Substring(1), query);
        return ub.Uri;
    }

    public static Uri AddQueryParams(this Uri uri, IEnumerable<string> query)
    {
        return uri.AddQueryParams(string.Join("&", query));
    } 

    public static Uri AddQueryParams(this Uri uri, string key, string value)
    {
        return uri.AddQueryParams(string.Join("=", HttpUtility.UrlEncode(key), HttpUtility.UrlEncode(value)));
    }

    public static Uri AddQueryParams(this Uri uri, params KeyValuePair<string,string>[] kvps)
    {
        return uri.AddQueryParams(kvps.Select(kvp => string.Join("=", HttpUtility.UrlEncode(kvp.Key), HttpUtility.UrlEncode(kvp.Value))));
    }

    public static Uri AddQueryParams(this Uri uri, IDictionary<string, string> kvps)
    {
        return uri.AddQueryParams(kvps.Select(kvp => string.Join("=", HttpUtility.UrlEncode(kvp.Key), HttpUtility.UrlEncode(kvp.Value))));
    }

    public static Uri AddQueryParams(this Uri uri, NameValueCollection nvc)
    {
        return uri.AddQueryParams(nvc.AllKeys.SelectMany(nvc.GetValues, (key, value) => string.Join("=", HttpUtility.UrlEncode(key), HttpUtility.UrlEncode(value))));
    }
}

文档说uri。查询将以?如果它是非空的,如果你要修改它,你应该把它剪掉。

注意HttpUtility。UrlEncode可以在System.Web中找到。

用法:

var uri = new Uri("https://api.del.icio.us/v1/posts/suggest").AddQueryParam("url","http://stackoverflow.com")