给定一个集合,有没有办法得到该集合的最后N个元素?如果框架中没有方法,那么编写一个扩展方法来实现这个目的的最佳方式是什么?


当前回答

.NET Core 2.0+提供了LINQ方法TakeLast():

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.linq.enumerable.takelast

例子:

Enumerable
    .Range(1, 10)
    .TakeLast(3) // <--- takes last 3 items
    .ToList()
    .ForEach(i => System.Console.WriteLine(i))

// outputs:
// 8
// 9
// 10

其他回答

与循环缓冲区的使用略有不同的实现。基准测试表明,该方法比使用Queue(在System.Linq中实现TakeLast)的方法快大约两倍,但是也有代价——它需要一个随着所请求的元素数量而增长的缓冲区,即使你只有一个小的集合,你也可以得到巨大的内存分配。

public IEnumerable<T> TakeLast<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, int count)
{
    int i = 0;

    if (count < 1)
        yield break;

    if (source is IList<T> listSource)
    {
        if (listSource.Count < 1)
            yield break;

        for (i = listSource.Count < count ? 0 : listSource.Count - count; i < listSource.Count; i++)
            yield return listSource[i];

    }
    else
    {
        bool move = true;
        bool filled = false;
        T[] result = new T[count];

        using (var enumerator = source.GetEnumerator())
            while (move)
            {
                for (i = 0; (move = enumerator.MoveNext()) && i < count; i++)
                    result[i] = enumerator.Current;

                filled |= move;
            }

        if (filled)
            for (int j = i; j < count; j++)
                yield return result[j];

        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++)
            yield return result[j];

    }
}

.NET Core 2.0+提供了LINQ方法TakeLast():

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.linq.enumerable.takelast

例子:

Enumerable
    .Range(1, 10)
    .TakeLast(3) // <--- takes last 3 items
    .ToList()
    .ForEach(i => System.Console.WriteLine(i))

// outputs:
// 8
// 9
// 10
coll.Reverse().Take(N).Reverse().ToList();


public static IEnumerable<T> TakeLast<T>(this IEnumerable<T> coll, int N)
{
    return coll.Reverse().Take(N).Reverse();
}

更新:为了解决clintp的问题:a)使用我上面定义的TakeLast()方法解决了这个问题,但如果你真的想在没有额外方法的情况下做到这一点,那么你只需要认识到Enumerable.Reverse()可以用作扩展方法,你不需要这样使用它:

List<string> mystring = new List<string>() { "one", "two", "three" }; 
mystring = Enumerable.Reverse(mystring).Take(2).Reverse().ToList();

使用这个方法得到所有范围没有错误

 public List<T> GetTsRate( List<T> AllT,int Index,int Count)
        {
            List<T> Ts = null;
            try
            {
                Ts = AllT.ToList().GetRange(Index, Count);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Ts = AllT.Skip(Index).ToList();
            }
            return Ts ;
        }

以下是我的解决方案:

public static class EnumerationExtensions
{
    public static IEnumerable<T> TakeLast<T>(this IEnumerable<T> input, int count)
    {
        if (count <= 0)
            yield break;

        var inputList = input as IList<T>;

        if (inputList != null)
        {
            int last = inputList.Count;
            int first = last - count;

            if (first < 0)
                first = 0;

            for (int i = first; i < last; i++)
                yield return inputList[i];
        }
        else
        {
            // Use a ring buffer. We have to enumerate the input, and we don't know in advance how many elements it will contain.
            T[] buffer = new T[count];

            int index = 0;

            count = 0;

            foreach (T item in input)
            {
                buffer[index] = item;

                index = (index + 1) % buffer.Length;
                count++;
            }

            // The index variable now points at the next buffer entry that would be filled. If the buffer isn't completely
            // full, then there are 'count' elements preceding index. If the buffer *is* full, then index is pointing at
            // the oldest entry, which is the first one to return.
            //
            // If the buffer isn't full, which means that the enumeration has fewer than 'count' elements, we'll fix up
            // 'index' to point at the first entry to return. That's easy to do; if the buffer isn't full, then the oldest
            // entry is the first one. :-)
            //
            // We'll also set 'count' to the number of elements to be returned. It only needs adjustment if we've wrapped
            // past the end of the buffer and have enumerated more than the original count value.

            if (count < buffer.Length)
                index = 0;
            else
                count = buffer.Length;

            // Return the values in the correct order.
            while (count > 0)
            {
                yield return buffer[index];

                index = (index + 1) % buffer.Length;
                count--;
            }
        }
    }

    public static IEnumerable<T> SkipLast<T>(this IEnumerable<T> input, int count)
    {
        if (count <= 0)
            return input;
        else
            return input.SkipLastIter(count);
    }

    private static IEnumerable<T> SkipLastIter<T>(this IEnumerable<T> input, int count)
    {
        var inputList = input as IList<T>;

        if (inputList != null)
        {
            int first = 0;
            int last = inputList.Count - count;

            if (last < 0)
                last = 0;

            for (int i = first; i < last; i++)
                yield return inputList[i];
        }
        else
        {
            // Aim to leave 'count' items in the queue. If the input has fewer than 'count'
            // items, then the queue won't ever fill and we return nothing.

            Queue<T> elements = new Queue<T>();

            foreach (T item in input)
            {
                elements.Enqueue(item);

                if (elements.Count > count)
                    yield return elements.Dequeue();
            }
        }
    }
}

代码有点粗,但作为一个可重用的插入组件,它应该在大多数场景中表现得很好,并且它将使使用它的代码保持良好和简洁。: -)

我的TakeLast for non-IList ' 1是基于与@Mark Byers和@MackieChan回答中相同的环形缓冲算法。有趣的是,它们是如此相似——我是完全独立写的。我猜只有一种方法可以正确地使用环形缓冲区。: -)

看看@kbrimington的答案,可以为IQuerable<T>添加一个额外的检查,以回到与实体框架一起工作的方法——假设我在这一点上没有。