在Python中如何找到列表的中值?列表可以是任意大小的，并且数字不保证是任何特定的顺序。
如果列表包含偶数个元素，则函数应返回中间两个元素的平均值。
以下是一些例子(为了便于展示，进行了排序):
median([1]) == 1
median([1, 1]) == 1
median([1, 1, 2, 4]) == 1.5
median([0, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, 9]) == 6
median([0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 6, 8]) == 2
当前回答
只要两行就够了。
def get_median(arr):
'''
Calculate the median of a sequence.
:param arr: list
:return: int or float
'''
arr = sorted(arr)
return arr[len(arr)//2] if len(arr) % 2 else (arr[len(arr)//2] + arr[len(arr)//2-1])/2
其他回答
我在“中位数的中位数”算法的Python实现中发布了我的解决方案，这比使用sort()稍微快一点。我的解决方案每列使用15个数字，速度~5N比每列使用5个数字的速度~10N快。最佳速度是~4N，但我可能是错的。
根据Tom在评论中的要求，我在这里添加了我的代码，以供参考。我认为速度的关键部分是每列使用15个数字，而不是5个。
#!/bin/pypy
#
# TH @stackoverflow, 2016-01-20, linear time "median of medians" algorithm
#
import sys, random
items_per_column = 15
def find_i_th_smallest( A, i ):
t = len(A)
if(t <= items_per_column):
# if A is a small list with less than items_per_column items, then:
#
# 1. do sort on A
# 2. find i-th smallest item of A
#
return sorted(A)[i]
else:
# 1. partition A into columns of k items each. k is odd, say 5.
# 2. find the median of every column
# 3. put all medians in a new list, say, B
#
B = [ find_i_th_smallest(k, (len(k) - 1)/2) for k in [A[j:(j + items_per_column)] for j in range(0,len(A),items_per_column)]]
# 4. find M, the median of B
#
M = find_i_th_smallest(B, (len(B) - 1)/2)
# 5. split A into 3 parts by M, { < M }, { == M }, and { > M }
# 6. find which above set has A's i-th smallest, recursively.
#
P1 = [ j for j in A if j < M ]
if(i < len(P1)):
return find_i_th_smallest( P1, i)
P3 = [ j for j in A if j > M ]
L3 = len(P3)
if(i < (t - L3)):
return M
return find_i_th_smallest( P3, i - (t - L3))
# How many numbers should be randomly generated for testing?
#
number_of_numbers = int(sys.argv[1])
# create a list of random positive integers
#
L = [ random.randint(0, number_of_numbers) for i in range(0, number_of_numbers) ]
# Show the original list
#
# print L
# This is for validation
#
# print sorted(L)[int((len(L) - 1)/2)]
# This is the result of the "median of medians" function.
# Its result should be the same as the above.
#
print find_i_th_smallest( L, (len(L) - 1) / 2)
只要两行就够了。
def get_median(arr):
'''
Calculate the median of a sequence.
:param arr: list
:return: int or float
'''
arr = sorted(arr)
return arr[len(arr)//2] if len(arr) % 2 else (arr[len(arr)//2] + arr[len(arr)//2-1])/2
这很简单;
def median(alist):
#to find median you will have to sort the list first
sList = sorted(alist)
first = 0
last = len(sList)-1
midpoint = (first + last)//2
return midpoint
你可以这样使用返回值median = median(anyList)
当然，你可以使用内置函数，但如果你想创建自己的函数，你可以这样做。这里的技巧是使用~运算符将正数转换为负数。例如~2 -> -3和在Python中使用负in For list将从末尾开始计数。如果你有mid == 2，那么它会从开始取第三个元素，从结束取第三个元素。
def median(data):
data.sort()
mid = len(data) // 2
return (data[mid] + data[~mid]) / 2
def median(array):
if len(array) < 1:
return(None)
if len(array) % 2 == 0:
median = (array[len(array)//2-1: len(array)//2+1])
return sum(median) / len(median)
else:
return(array[len(array)//2])
