我需要在许多地方获得用户对象,其中包含许多字段。登录后,我想保存/存储这些用户对象。我们如何实现这种场景?
我不能这样存储它:
SharedPreferences.Editor prefsEditor = myPrefs.edit();
prefsEditor.putString("BusinessUnit", strBusinessUnit);
我需要在许多地方获得用户对象,其中包含许多字段。登录后,我想保存/存储这些用户对象。我们如何实现这种场景?
我不能这样存储它:
SharedPreferences.Editor prefsEditor = myPrefs.edit();
prefsEditor.putString("BusinessUnit", strBusinessUnit);
当前回答
我的utils类保存列表到SharedPreferences
public class SharedPrefApi {
private SharedPreferences sharedPreferences;
private Gson gson;
public SharedPrefApi(Context context, Gson gson) {
this.sharedPreferences = context.getSharedPreferences(PREFS_NAME, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
this.gson = gson;
}
...
public <T> void putObject(String key, T value) {
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = sharedPreferences.edit();
editor.putString(key, gson.toJson(value));
editor.apply();
}
public <T> T getObject(String key, Class<T> clazz) {
return gson.fromJson(getString(key, null), clazz);
}
}
使用
// for save
sharedPrefApi.putList(SharedPrefApi.Key.USER_LIST, userList);
// for retrieve
List<User> userList = sharedPrefApi.getList(SharedPrefApi.Key.USER_LIST, User.class);
. 我的utils的完整代码//检查使用实例的活动代码
其他回答
你可以保存对象在首选项不使用任何库,首先你的对象类必须实现Serializable:
public class callModel implements Serializable {
private long pointTime;
private boolean callisConnected;
public callModel(boolean callisConnected, long pointTime) {
this.callisConnected = callisConnected;
this.pointTime = pointTime;
}
public boolean isCallisConnected() {
return callisConnected;
}
public long getPointTime() {
return pointTime;
}
}
然后你可以很容易地使用这两个方法来转换对象到字符串和字符串到对象:
public static <T extends Serializable> T stringToObjectS(String string) {
byte[] bytes = Base64.decode(string, 0);
T object = null;
try {
ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes));
object = (T) objectInputStream.readObject();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return object;
}
public static String objectToString(Parcelable object) {
String encoded = null;
try {
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream);
objectOutputStream.writeObject(object);
objectOutputStream.close();
encoded = new String(Base64.encodeToString(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray(), 0));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return encoded;
}
保存:
SharedPreferences mPrefs = getPreferences(MODE_PRIVATE);
Editor prefsEditor = mPrefs.edit();
prefsEditor.putString("MyObject", objectToString(callModelObject));
prefsEditor.commit();
阅读
String value= mPrefs.getString("MyObject", "");
MyObject obj = stringToObjectS(value);
下面是我从这里获得的Kotlin Delegated Properties的使用方法,但扩展了它,并允许使用一种简单的机制来获取/设置SharedPreference属性。
对于String, Int, Long, Float或Boolean,它使用标准的SharePreference getter和setter。然而,对于所有其他数据类,它使用GSON序列化为一个String,用于setter。然后为getter反序列化为数据对象。
与其他解决方案类似,这需要在gradle文件中添加GSON作为依赖项:
implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.6'
下面是一个简单的数据类的例子,我们希望能够保存并存储到SharedPreferences:
data class User(val first: String, val last: String)
下面是一个实现属性委托的类:
object UserPreferenceProperty : PreferenceProperty<User>(
key = "USER_OBJECT",
defaultValue = User(first = "Jane", last = "Doe"),
clazz = User::class.java)
object NullableUserPreferenceProperty : NullablePreferenceProperty<User?, User>(
key = "NULLABLE_USER_OBJECT",
defaultValue = null,
clazz = User::class.java)
object FirstTimeUser : PreferenceProperty<Boolean>(
key = "FIRST_TIME_USER",
defaultValue = false,
clazz = Boolean::class.java
)
sealed class PreferenceProperty<T : Any>(key: String,
defaultValue: T,
clazz: Class<T>) : NullablePreferenceProperty<T, T>(key, defaultValue, clazz)
@Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
sealed class NullablePreferenceProperty<T : Any?, U : Any>(private val key: String,
private val defaultValue: T,
private val clazz: Class<U>) : ReadWriteProperty<Any, T> {
override fun getValue(thisRef: Any, property: KProperty<*>): T = HandstandApplication.appContext().getPreferences()
.run {
when {
clazz.isAssignableFrom(String::class.java) -> getString(key, defaultValue as String?) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Int::class.java) -> getInt(key, defaultValue as Int) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Long::class.java) -> getLong(key, defaultValue as Long) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Float::class.java) -> getFloat(key, defaultValue as Float) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Boolean::class.java) -> getBoolean(key, defaultValue as Boolean) as T
else -> getObject(key, defaultValue, clazz)
}
}
override fun setValue(thisRef: Any, property: KProperty<*>, value: T) = HandstandApplication.appContext().getPreferences()
.edit()
.apply {
when {
clazz.isAssignableFrom(String::class.java) -> putString(key, value as String?) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Int::class.java) -> putInt(key, value as Int) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Long::class.java) -> putLong(key, value as Long) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Float::class.java) -> putFloat(key, value as Float) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Boolean::class.java) -> putBoolean(key, value as Boolean) as T
else -> putObject(key, value)
}
}
.apply()
private fun Context.getPreferences(): SharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences(APP_PREF_NAME, Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
private fun <T, U> SharedPreferences.getObject(key: String, defValue: T, clazz: Class<U>): T =
Gson().fromJson(getString(key, null), clazz) as T ?: defValue
private fun <T> SharedPreferences.Editor.putObject(key: String, value: T) = putString(key, Gson().toJson(value))
companion object {
private const val APP_PREF_NAME = "APP_PREF"
}
}
注意:您不需要更新密封类中的任何内容。委托的属性是对象/单例的UserPreferenceProperty, NullableUserPreferenceProperty和FirstTimeUser。
为了从SharedPreferences中保存/获取一个新的数据对象,现在只需要添加四行就可以了:
object NewPreferenceProperty : PreferenceProperty<String>(
key = "NEW_PROPERTY",
defaultValue = "",
clazz = String::class.java)
最后,你可以通过使用by关键字来读取/写入SharedPreferences的值:
private var user: User by UserPreferenceProperty
private var nullableUser: User? by NullableUserPreferenceProperty
private var isFirstTimeUser: Boolean by
Log.d("TAG", user) // outputs the `defaultValue` for User the first time
user = User(first = "John", last = "Doe") // saves this User to the Shared Preferences
Log.d("TAG", user) // outputs the newly retrieved User (John Doe) from Shared Preferences
另一种不使用Json格式保存和恢复android sharedpreferences对象的方法
private static ExampleObject getObject(Context c,String db_name){
SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = c.getSharedPreferences(db_name, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
ExampleObject o = new ExampleObject();
Field[] fields = o.getClass().getFields();
try {
for (Field field : fields) {
Class<?> type = field.getType();
try {
final String name = field.getName();
if (type == Character.TYPE || type.equals(String.class)) {
field.set(o,sharedPreferences.getString(name, ""));
} else if (type.equals(int.class) || type.equals(Short.class))
field.setInt(o,sharedPreferences.getInt(name, 0));
else if (type.equals(double.class))
field.setDouble(o,sharedPreferences.getFloat(name, 0));
else if (type.equals(float.class))
field.setFloat(o,sharedPreferences.getFloat(name, 0));
else if (type.equals(long.class))
field.setLong(o,sharedPreferences.getLong(name, 0));
else if (type.equals(Boolean.class))
field.setBoolean(o,sharedPreferences.getBoolean(name, false));
else if (type.equals(UUID.class))
field.set(
o,
UUID.fromString(
sharedPreferences.getString(
name,
UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes("".getBytes()).toString()
)
)
);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
Log.e(StaticConfig.app_name, "IllegalAccessException", e);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
Log.e(StaticConfig.app_name, "IllegalArgumentException", e);
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Exception: " + e);
}
return o;
}
private static void setObject(Context context, Object o, String db_name) {
Field[] fields = o.getClass().getFields();
SharedPreferences sp = context.getSharedPreferences(db_name, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = sp.edit();
for (Field field : fields) {
Class<?> type = field.getType();
try {
final String name = field.getName();
if (type == Character.TYPE || type.equals(String.class)) {
Object value = field.get(o);
if (value != null)
editor.putString(name, value.toString());
} else if (type.equals(int.class) || type.equals(Short.class))
editor.putInt(name, field.getInt(o));
else if (type.equals(double.class))
editor.putFloat(name, (float) field.getDouble(o));
else if (type.equals(float.class))
editor.putFloat(name, field.getFloat(o));
else if (type.equals(long.class))
editor.putLong(name, field.getLong(o));
else if (type.equals(Boolean.class))
editor.putBoolean(name, field.getBoolean(o));
else if (type.equals(UUID.class))
editor.putString(name, field.get(o).toString());
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
Log.e(StaticConfig.app_name, "IllegalAccessException", e);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
Log.e(StaticConfig.app_name, "IllegalArgumentException", e);
}
}
editor.apply();
}
使用delegate Kotlin,我们可以轻松地从共享首选项中放置和获取数据。
inline fun <reified T> Context.sharedPrefs(key: String) = object : ReadWriteProperty<Any?, T> {
val sharedPrefs by lazy { this@sharedPrefs.getSharedPreferences("APP_DATA", Context.MODE_PRIVATE) }
val gson by lazy { Gson() }
var newData: T = (T::class.java).newInstance()
override fun getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): T {
return getPrefs()
}
override fun setValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>, value: T) {
this.newData = value
putPrefs(newData)
}
fun putPrefs(value: T?) {
sharedPrefs.edit {
when (value) {
is Int -> putInt(key, value)
is Boolean -> putBoolean(key, value)
is String -> putString(key, value)
is Long -> putLong(key, value)
is Float -> putFloat(key, value)
is Parcelable -> putString(key, gson.toJson(value))
else -> throw Throwable("no such type exist to put data")
}
}
}
fun getPrefs(): T {
return when (newData) {
is Int -> sharedPrefs.getInt(key, 0) as T
is Boolean -> sharedPrefs.getBoolean(key, false) as T
is String -> sharedPrefs.getString(key, "") as T ?: "" as T
is Long -> sharedPrefs.getLong(key, 0L) as T
is Float -> sharedPrefs.getFloat(key, 0.0f) as T
is Parcelable -> gson.fromJson(sharedPrefs.getString(key, "") ?: "", T::class.java)
else -> throw Throwable("no such type exist to put data")
} ?: newData
}
}
//use this delegation in activity and fragment in following way
var ourData by sharedPrefs<String>("otherDatas")
您可以使用以下代码存储类对象,并从共享首选项检索任何对象。
将以下依赖项添加到应用gradle中
dependencies {
implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.6'
//Other dependencies of our project
}
在共享pref文件中添加以下代码。
/**
* Saves object into the Preferences.
*
* @param `object` Object of model class (of type [T]) to save
* @param key Key with which Shared preferences to
**/
fun <T> put(`object`: T, key: String) {
//Convert object to JSON String.
val jsonString = GsonBuilder().create().toJson(`object`)
//Save that String in SharedPreferences
preferences.edit().putString(key, jsonString).apply()
}
/**
* Used to retrieve object from the Preferences.
*
* @param key Shared Preference key with which object was saved.
**/
inline fun <reified T> get(key: String): T? {
//We read JSON String which was saved.
val value = preferences.getString(key, null)
//JSON String was found which means object can be read.
//We convert this JSON String to model object. Parameter "c" (of
//type Class < T >" is used to cast.
return GsonBuilder().create().fromJson(value, T::class.java)
}
}