你也可以使用在线计算器来计算一个十进制数的补二表示:http://www.convertforfree.com/twos-complement-calculator/

Two的补码是一种存储整数的聪明方法，因此常见的数学问题很容易实现。

为了理解，你必须把数字想象成二进制。

它基本上是说，

对于0，用所有的0。 对于正整数，开始计数，最大值为2(位数-1)-1。 对于负整数，做完全相同的事情，但是切换0和1的角色并开始倒数(所以不是从0000开始，而是从1111开始——这是“补”部分)。

让我们尝试一个4位的迷你字节(我们称之为1/2个字节)。

0000 -零 0001 - 1 0010 - 2 0011 - 3 0100到0111,4点到7点

这是我们目前能找到的阳性结果。23-1 = 7。

负面影响:

1111 - 1 1110 - 2 1101 - 3 1100到1000 - - 4到- 8

注意，负数(1000 = -8)有一个额外的值，而正数没有。这是因为0000用于表示零。这可以看作是计算机的数轴。

区分正数和负数

这样一来，第一个位就扮演了“符号”位的角色，因为它可以用来区分非负的十进制值和负的十进制值。如果最高有效位是1，那么二进制就可以说是负的，如果最高有效位(最左边)是0，就可以说十进制值是非负的。

“符号量级”的负数只是将它们的正数对应的符号位颠倒了，但这种方法必须处理将1000(一个1后面跟着所有的0)解释为“负零”，这是令人困惑的。

“1的补”负数只是它们的正数的位补，这也导致了“负零”和1111(都是1)的混淆。

除非你的工作非常接近硬件，否则你可能不需要处理个位补或符号幅度整数表示。

补一词来源于完备性。在十进制世界中，数字0到9提供了一个数字或数字符号的补集(完整集)来表示所有的十进制数。在二进制世界中，数字0和1提供了一个数字的补数来表示所有二进制数。事实上，符号0和1必须用来表示所有东西(文本、图像等)以及正(0)和负(1)。 在我们的世界里，数字左边的空白被认为是零:

                  35=035=000000035.

In a computer storage location there is no blank space. All bits (binary digits) must be either 0 or 1. To efficiently use memory numbers may be stored as 8 bit, 16 bit, 32 bit, 64 bit, 128 bit representations. When a number that is stored as an 8 bit number is transferred to a 16 bit location the sign and magnitude (absolute value) must remain the same. Both 1's complement and 2's complement representations facilitate this. As a noun: Both 1's complement and 2's complement are binary representations of signed quantities where the most significant bit (the one on the left) is the sign bit. 0 is for positive and 1 is for negative. 2s complement does not mean negative. It means a signed quantity. As in decimal the magnitude is represented as the positive quantity. The structure uses sign extension to preserve the quantity when promoting to a register [] with more bits:

       [0101]=[00101]=[00000000000101]=5 (base 10)
       [1011]=[11011]=[11111111111011]=-5(base 10)

用作动词: 2的补语表示否定。这并不意味着消极。意思是如果负数变成正数;如果是正的就是负的。大小是绝对值:

        if a >= 0 then |a| = a
        if a < 0 then |a| = -a = 2scomplement of a

此功能允许使用先求负后加的有效二进制减法。 A -b = A + (-b)

1的补数的官方方法是每一位数用1减去它的值。

        1'scomp(0101) = 1010.

这与逐个翻转或反转每一位是一样的。结果是- 0，这是不受欢迎的，所以给te 1的补码加上1就解决了这个问题。 要求2s的补，先求1s的补，然后加1。

        Example 1                             Example 2
         0101  --original number              1101
         1's comp  1010                       0010
         add 1     0001                       0001
         2's comp  1011  --negated number     0011

在这些例子中，否定也适用于符号扩展数。

添加: 1110进位111110进位 0110与000110相同 1111年 111111年 Sum 0101 Sum 000101

减法:

    1110  Carry                      00000   Carry
     0110          is the same as     00110
    -0111                            +11001
  ----------                        ----------
sum  0101                       sum   11111

请注意，当使用2的补码时，数字左侧的空白区域对于正数用0填充，而对于负数用1填充。进位总是被加上，必须是1或0。

干杯

2's complement is essentially a way of coming up with the additive inverse of a binary number. Ask yourself this: Given a number in binary form (present at a fixed length memory location), what bit pattern, when added to the original number (at the fixed length memory location), would make the result all zeros ? (at the same fixed length memory location). If we could come up with this bit pattern then that bit pattern would be the -ve representation (additive inverse) of the original number; as by definition adding a number to its additive inverse always results in zero. Example: take 5 which is 101 present inside a single 8 bit byte. Now the task is to come up with a bit pattern which when added to the given bit pattern (00000101) would result in all zeros at the memory location which is used to hold this 5 i.e. all 8 bits of the byte should be zero. To do that, start from the right most bit of 101 and for each individual bit, again ask the same question: What bit should I add to the current bit to make the result zero ? continue doing that taking in account the usual carry over. After we are done with the 3 right most places (the digits that define the original number without regard to the leading zeros) the last carry goes in the bit pattern of the additive inverse. Furthermore, since we are holding in the original number in a single 8 bit byte, all other leading bits in the additive inverse should also be 1's so that (and this is important) when the computer adds "the number" (represented using the 8 bit pattern) and its additive inverse using "that" storage type (a byte) the result in that byte would be all zeros.

 1 1 1
 ----------
   1 0 1
 1 0 1 1 ---> additive inverse
  ---------
   0 0 0

Two的补语主要用于以下原因:

避免0的多个表示形式 避免在溢出的情况下跟踪进位(如补位)。 进行简单的加法和减法运算变得很容易。

我在Reddit上读到jng的一篇精彩的解释，用里程表做类比。

It is a useful convention. The same circuits and logic operations that add / subtract positive numbers in binary still work on both positive and negative numbers if using the convention, that's why it's so useful and omnipresent. Imagine the odometer of a car, it rolls around at (say) 99999. If you increment 00000 you get 00001. If you decrement 00000, you get 99999 (due to the roll-around). If you add one back to 99999 it goes back to 00000. So it's useful to decide that 99999 represents -1. Likewise, it is very useful to decide that 99998 represents -2, and so on. You have to stop somewhere, and also by convention, the top half of the numbers are deemed to be negative (50000-99999), and the bottom half positive just stand for themselves (00000-49999). As a result, the top digit being 5-9 means the represented number is negative, and it being 0-4 means the represented is positive - exactly the same as the top bit representing sign in a two's complement binary number. Understanding this was hard for me too. Once I got it and went back to re-read the books articles and explanations (there was no internet back then), it turned out a lot of those describing it didn't really understand it. I did write a book teaching assembly language after that (which did sell quite well for 10 years).