我只是在修改c#深度的第4章，它涉及到可空类型，我增加了一个关于使用“as”操作符的章节，它允许你这样写:
object o = ...;
int? x = o as int?;
if (x.HasValue)
{
... // Use x.Value in here
}
我认为这真的很整洁，它可以比c# 1的等效方法提高性能，使用“is”后面加强制转换——毕竟，这样我们只需要要求进行一次动态类型检查，然后进行简单的值检查。
This appears not to be the case, however. I've included a sample test app below, which basically sums all the integers within an object array - but the array contains a lot of null references and string references as well as boxed integers. The benchmark measures the code you'd have to use in C# 1, the code using the "as" operator, and just for kicks a LINQ solution. To my astonishment, the C# 1 code is 20 times faster in this case - and even the LINQ code (which I'd have expected to be slower, given the iterators involved) beats the "as" code.
对于可空类型的isinst的。net实现真的很慢吗?是额外的开箱。是什么导致了这个问题?还有其他解释吗?目前，我觉得我必须在对性能敏感的情况下使用此功能时提出警告……
结果:
演员:10000000:121
As: 10000000: 2211
Linq: 10000000: 2143
代码:
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
class Test
{
const int Size = 30000000;
static void Main()
{
object[] values = new object[Size];
for (int i = 0; i < Size - 2; i += 3)
{
values[i] = null;
values[i+1] = "";
values[i+2] = 1;
}
FindSumWithCast(values);
FindSumWithAs(values);
FindSumWithLinq(values);
}
static void FindSumWithCast(object[] values)
{
Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
int sum = 0;
foreach (object o in values)
{
if (o is int)
{
int x = (int) o;
sum += x;
}
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Cast: {0} : {1}", sum,
(long) sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
static void FindSumWithAs(object[] values)
{
Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
int sum = 0;
foreach (object o in values)
{
int? x = o as int?;
if (x.HasValue)
{
sum += x.Value;
}
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("As: {0} : {1}", sum,
(long) sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
static void FindSumWithLinq(object[] values)
{
Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
int sum = values.OfType<int>().Sum();
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("LINQ: {0} : {1}", sum,
(long) sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
}
为了使这个答案保持最新，值得一提的是，对于c# 7.1和。net 4.7来说，本页上的大部分讨论现在都是毫无意义的，因为c# 7.1和。net 4.7支持简洁的语法，而且还能生成最好的IL代码。
OP最初的例子是…
object o = ...;
int? x = o as int?;
if (x.HasValue)
{
// ...use x.Value in here
}
变得简单…
if (o is int x)
{
// ...use x in here
}
我发现新语法的一个常见用途是当你编写一个。net值类型(即c#中的struct)实现IEquatable<MyStruct>(大多数应该)。在实现强类型Equals(MyStruct other)方法之后，你现在可以优雅地重定向非类型Equals(Object obj)覆盖(继承自Object)到它，如下所示:
public override bool Equals(Object obj) => obj is MyStruct o && Equals(o);
附录:在这个答案中给出的前两个示例函数的发布构建IL代码(分别)在这里。虽然新语法的IL代码确实少了1个字节，但它主要是通过不调用(而不是两个)并尽可能避免开箱操作来获得最大的胜利。
// static void test1(Object o, ref int y)
// {
// int? x = o as int?;
// if (x.HasValue)
// y = x.Value;
// }
[0] valuetype [mscorlib]Nullable`1<int32> x
ldarg.0
isinst [mscorlib]Nullable`1<int32>
unbox.any [mscorlib]Nullable`1<int32>
stloc.0
ldloca.s x
call instance bool [mscorlib]Nullable`1<int32>::get_HasValue()
brfalse.s L_001e
ldarg.1
ldloca.s x
call instance !0 [mscorlib]Nullable`1<int32>::get_Value()
stind.i4
L_001e: ret
// static void test2(Object o, ref int y)
// {
// if (o is int x)
// y = x;
// }
[0] int32 x,
[1] object obj2
ldarg.0
stloc.1
ldloc.1
isinst int32
ldnull
cgt.un
dup
brtrue.s L_0011
ldc.i4.0
br.s L_0017
L_0011: ldloc.1
unbox.any int32
L_0017: stloc.0
brfalse.s L_001d
ldarg.1
ldloc.0
stind.i4
L_001d: ret
进一步的测试证实了我关于新c# 7语法性能优于以前可用选项的评论，请参阅这里(特别是示例'D')。
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
class Test
{
const int Size = 30000000;
static void Main()
{
object[] values = new object[Size];
for (int i = 0; i < Size - 2; i += 3)
{
values[i] = null;
values[i + 1] = "";
values[i + 2] = 1;
}
FindSumWithCast(values);
FindSumWithAsAndHas(values);
FindSumWithAsAndIs(values);
FindSumWithIsThenAs(values);
FindSumWithIsThenConvert(values);
FindSumWithLinq(values);
Console.ReadLine();
}
static void FindSumWithCast(object[] values)
{
Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
int sum = 0;
foreach (object o in values)
{
if (o is int)
{
int x = (int)o;
sum += x;
}
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Cast: {0} : {1}", sum,
(long)sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
static void FindSumWithAsAndHas(object[] values)
{
Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
int sum = 0;
foreach (object o in values)
{
int? x = o as int?;
if (x.HasValue)
{
sum += x.Value;
}
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("As and Has: {0} : {1}", sum,
(long)sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
static void FindSumWithAsAndIs(object[] values)
{
Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
int sum = 0;
foreach (object o in values)
{
int? x = o as int?;
if (o is int)
{
sum += x.Value;
}
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("As and Is: {0} : {1}", sum,
(long)sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
static void FindSumWithIsThenAs(object[] values)
{
// Apple-to-apple comparison with Cast routine above.
// Using the similar steps in Cast routine above,
// the AS here cannot be slower than Linq.
Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
int sum = 0;
foreach (object o in values)
{
if (o is int)
{
int? x = o as int?;
sum += x.Value;
}
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Is then As: {0} : {1}", sum,
(long)sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
static void FindSumWithIsThenConvert(object[] values)
{
Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
int sum = 0;
foreach (object o in values)
{
if (o is int)
{
int x = Convert.ToInt32(o);
sum += x;
}
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Is then Convert: {0} : {1}", sum,
(long)sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
static void FindSumWithLinq(object[] values)
{
Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
int sum = values.OfType<int>().Sum();
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("LINQ: {0} : {1}", sum,
(long)sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
}
输出:
Cast: 10000000 : 456
As and Has: 10000000 : 2103
As and Is: 10000000 : 2029
Is then As: 10000000 : 1376
Is then Convert: 10000000 : 566
LINQ: 10000000 : 1811
(编辑:2010-06-19)
注意:之前的测试是在VS内部完成的，配置调试，使用VS2009，使用Core i7(公司开发机)。
以下是在我的机器上使用Core 2 Duo，使用VS2010完成的
Inside VS, Configuration: Debug
Cast: 10000000 : 309
As and Has: 10000000 : 3322
As and Is: 10000000 : 3249
Is then As: 10000000 : 1926
Is then Convert: 10000000 : 410
LINQ: 10000000 : 2018
Outside VS, Configuration: Debug
Cast: 10000000 : 303
As and Has: 10000000 : 3314
As and Is: 10000000 : 3230
Is then As: 10000000 : 1942
Is then Convert: 10000000 : 418
LINQ: 10000000 : 1944
Inside VS, Configuration: Release
Cast: 10000000 : 305
As and Has: 10000000 : 3327
As and Is: 10000000 : 3265
Is then As: 10000000 : 1942
Is then Convert: 10000000 : 414
LINQ: 10000000 : 1932
Outside VS, Configuration: Release
Cast: 10000000 : 301
As and Has: 10000000 : 3274
As and Is: 10000000 : 3240
Is then As: 10000000 : 1904
Is then Convert: 10000000 : 414
LINQ: 10000000 : 1936
