有一个流行的宏，你可以定义它来查找数组中的元素数量(Microsoft CRT甚至为它提供了名为_countof的OOB):

#define countof(x) (sizeof(x)/sizeof((x)[0]))

然后你可以这样写:

int my_array[] = { ... some elements ... };
printf("%zu", countof(my_array)); // 'z' is correct type specifier for size_t

我对这个问题的解决方案是将数组的长度保存到一个struct array中，作为关于数组的元信息。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Array
{
    int length;

    double *array;
};

typedef struct Array Array;

Array* NewArray(int length)
{
    /* Allocate the memory for the struct Array */
    Array *newArray = (Array*) malloc(sizeof(Array));

    /* Insert only non-negative length's*/
    newArray->length = (length > 0) ? length : 0;

    newArray->array = (double*) malloc(length*sizeof(double));

    return newArray;
}

void SetArray(Array *structure,int length,double* array)
{
    structure->length = length;
    structure->array = array;
}

void PrintArray(Array *structure)
{       
    if(structure->length > 0)
    {
        int i;
        printf("length: %d\n", structure->length);
        for (i = 0; i < structure->length; i++)
            printf("%g\n", structure->array[i]);
    }
    else
        printf("Empty Array. Length 0\n");
}

int main()
{
    int i;
    Array *negativeTest, *days = NewArray(5);

    double moreDays[] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};

    for (i = 0; i < days->length; i++)
        days->array[i] = i+1;

    PrintArray(days);

    SetArray(days,10,moreDays);

    PrintArray(days);

    negativeTest = NewArray(-5);

    PrintArray(negativeTest);

    return 0;
}

但是你必须关心你想要存储的数组的正确长度，因为没有办法检查这个长度，就像我们的朋友大量解释的那样。

有一个流行的宏，你可以定义它来查找数组中的元素数量(Microsoft CRT甚至为它提供了名为_countof的OOB):

#define countof(x) (sizeof(x)/sizeof((x)[0]))

然后你可以这样写:

int my_array[] = { ... some elements ... };
printf("%zu", countof(my_array)); // 'z' is correct type specifier for size_t

在字符串中，末尾有一个'\0'字符，因此可以使用strlen等函数来获取字符串的长度。例如，整数数组的问题是不能使用任何值作为结束值，因此一种可能的解决方案是寻址数组并使用NULL指针作为结束值。

#include <stdio.h>
/* the following function will produce the warning:
 * ‘sizeof’ on array function parameter ‘a’ will
 * return size of ‘int *’ [-Wsizeof-array-argument]
 */
void foo( int a[] )
{
    printf( "%lu\n", sizeof a );
}
/* so we have to implement something else one possible
 * idea is to use the NULL pointer as a control value
 * the same way '\0' is used in strings but this way
 * the pointer passed to a function should address pointers
 * so the actual implementation of an array type will
 * be a pointer to pointer
 */
typedef char * type_t; /* line 18 */
typedef type_t ** array_t;
int main( void )
{
    array_t initialize( int, ... );
    /* initialize an array with four values "foo", "bar", "baz", "foobar"
     * if one wants to use integers rather than strings than in the typedef
     * declaration at line 18 the char * type should be changed with int
     * and in the format used for printing the array values 
     * at line 45 and 51 "%s" should be changed with "%i"
     */
    array_t array = initialize( 4, "foo", "bar", "baz", "foobar" );

    int size( array_t );
    /* print array size */
    printf( "size %i:\n", size( array ));

    void aprint( char *, array_t );
    /* print array values */
    aprint( "%s\n", array ); /* line 45 */

    type_t getval( array_t, int );
    /* print an indexed value */
    int i = 2;
    type_t val = getval( array, i );
    printf( "%i: %s\n", i, val ); /* line 51 */

    void delete( array_t );
    /* free some space */
    delete( array );

    return 0;
}
/* the output of the program should be:
 * size 4:
 * foo
 * bar
 * baz
 * foobar
 * 2: baz
 */
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
array_t initialize( int n, ... )
{
    /* here we store the array values */
    type_t *v = (type_t *) malloc( sizeof( type_t ) * n );
    va_list ap;
    va_start( ap, n );
    int j;
    for ( j = 0; j < n; j++ )
        v[j] = va_arg( ap, type_t );
    va_end( ap );
    /* the actual array will hold the addresses of those
     * values plus a NULL pointer
     */
    array_t a = (array_t) malloc( sizeof( type_t *) * ( n + 1 ));
    a[n] = NULL;
    for ( j = 0; j < n; j++ )
        a[j] = v + j;
    return a;
}
int size( array_t a )
{
    int n = 0;
    while ( *a++ != NULL )
        n++;
    return n;
}
void aprint( char *fmt, array_t a )
{
    while ( *a != NULL )
        printf( fmt, **a++ );   
}
type_t getval( array_t a, int i )
{
    return *a[i];
}
void delete( array_t a )
{
    free( *a );
    free( a );
}

不，你不能。编译器不知道指针指向什么。有一些技巧，比如用一个已知的带外值结束数组，然后计算数组的大小直到该值为止，但这不是使用sizeof()。

另一个技巧是Zan提到的，那就是把大小藏在某个地方。例如，如果你在动态分配数组，分配一个比你需要的大一个整型的块，在第一个整型中保存大小，并返回ptr+1作为指向数组的指针。当您需要指针的大小时，可以递减指针并查看存储的值。记住要从头开始释放整个块，而不仅仅是数组。

 #define array_size 10

 struct {
     int16 size;
     int16 array[array_size];
     int16 property1[(array_size/16)+1]
     int16 property2[(array_size/16)+1]
 } array1 = {array_size, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};

 #undef array_size

Array_size传递给size变量:

#define array_size 30

struct {
    int16 size;
    int16 array[array_size];
    int16 property1[(array_size/16)+1]
    int16 property2[(array_size/16)+1]
} array2 = {array_size};

#undef array_size

用法是:

void main() {

    int16 size = array1.size;
    for (int i=0; i!=size; i++) {

        array1.array[i] *= 2;
    }
}