虽然exec(open("filename").read())通常作为execfile("filename")的替代，但它忽略了execfile支持的重要细节。

下面是Python3的函数。x是我能得到的与直接执行文件相同的行为。匹配运行python /path/到/somefile.py。

def execfile(filepath, globals=None, locals=None):
    if globals is None:
        globals = {}
    globals.update({
        "__file__": filepath,
        "__name__": "__main__",
    })
    with open(filepath, 'rb') as file:
        exec(compile(file.read(), filepath, 'exec'), globals, locals)

# Execute the file.
execfile("/path/to/somefile.py")

注:

Uses binary file reading to avoid encoding issues. Guaranteed to close the file (Python3.x warns about this). Defines __main__, some scripts depend on this to check if they are loading as a module or not for eg. if __name__ == "__main__". Setting __file__ is nicer for exception messages and some scripts use __file__ to get the paths of other files relative to them. Takes optional globals & locals arguments, modifying them in-place as execfile does - so you can access any variables defined by reading back the variables after running. Unlike Python2's execfile this does not modify the current namespace by default. For that you have to explicitly pass in globals() & locals().

你可以写自己的函数:

def xfile(afile, globalz=None, localz=None):
    with open(afile, "r") as fh:
        exec(fh.read(), globalz, localz)

如果你真的需要…

虽然exec(open("filename").read())通常作为execfile("filename")的替代，但它忽略了execfile支持的重要细节。

下面是Python3的函数。x是我能得到的与直接执行文件相同的行为。匹配运行python /path/到/somefile.py。

def execfile(filepath, globals=None, locals=None):
    if globals is None:
        globals = {}
    globals.update({
        "__file__": filepath,
        "__name__": "__main__",
    })
    with open(filepath, 'rb') as file:
        exec(compile(file.read(), filepath, 'exec'), globals, locals)

# Execute the file.
execfile("/path/to/somefile.py")

注:

Uses binary file reading to avoid encoding issues. Guaranteed to close the file (Python3.x warns about this). Defines __main__, some scripts depend on this to check if they are loading as a module or not for eg. if __name__ == "__main__". Setting __file__ is nicer for exception messages and some scripts use __file__ to get the paths of other files relative to them. Takes optional globals & locals arguments, modifying them in-place as execfile does - so you can access any variables defined by reading back the variables after running. Unlike Python2's execfile this does not modify the current namespace by default. For that you have to explicitly pass in globals() & locals().

这个更好，因为它从调用者那里获取全局变量和局部变量:

import sys
def execfile(filename, globals=None, locals=None):
    if globals is None:
        globals = sys._getframe(1).f_globals
    if locals is None:
        locals = sys._getframe(1).f_locals
    with open(filename, "r") as fh:
        exec(fh.read()+"\n", globals, locals)

如果你想要加载的脚本和你运行的脚本在同一个目录中，也许“import”就可以了?

如果你需要动态导入代码，内置函数__ import__和模块imp值得一看。

>>> import sys
>>> sys.path = ['/path/to/script'] + sys.path
>>> __import__('test')
<module 'test' from '/path/to/script/test.pyc'>
>>> __import__('test').run()
'Hello world!'

test.py:

def run():
        return "Hello world!"

如果您使用的是Python 3.1或更高版本，还应该看一看importlib。

注意，如果使用PEP-263编码声明，上述模式将失败 不是ASCII或utf-8。您需要找到数据的编码，并对其进行编码 在将其交给exec()之前。

class python3Execfile(object):
    def _get_file_encoding(self, filename):
        with open(filename, 'rb') as fp:
            try:
                return tokenize.detect_encoding(fp.readline)[0]
            except SyntaxError:
                return "utf-8"

    def my_execfile(filename):
        globals['__file__'] = filename
        with open(filename, 'r', encoding=self._get_file_encoding(filename)) as fp:
            contents = fp.read()
        if not contents.endswith("\n"):
            # http://bugs.python.org/issue10204
            contents += "\n"
        exec(contents, globals, globals)