用MySQL计算中位数最简单(希望不会太慢)的方法是什么?我已经使用AVG(x)来寻找平均值，但我很难找到一个简单的方法来计算中位数。现在，我将所有的行返回到PHP，进行排序，然后选择中间的行，但是肯定有一些简单的方法可以在一个MySQL查询中完成它。
示例数据:
id | val
--------
1 4
2 7
3 2
4 2
5 9
6 8
7 3
对val排序得到2 2 3 4 7 8 9，因此中位数应该是4，而SELECT AVG(val) == 5。
当前回答
在某些情况下，中位数的计算如下:
“中位数”是数字列表中按值排序时的“中间”值。对于偶数集，中位数是两个中间值的平均值。 我为此创建了一个简单的代码:
$midValue = 0;
$rowCount = "SELECT count(*) as count {$from} {$where}";
$even = FALSE;
$offset = 1;
$medianRow = floor($rowCount / 2);
if ($rowCount % 2 == 0 && !empty($medianRow)) {
$even = TRUE;
$offset++;
$medianRow--;
}
$medianValue = "SELECT column as median
{$fromClause} {$whereClause}
ORDER BY median
LIMIT {$medianRow},{$offset}";
$medianValDAO = db_query($medianValue);
while ($medianValDAO->fetch()) {
if ($even) {
$midValue = $midValue + $medianValDAO->median;
}
else {
$median = $medianValDAO->median;
}
}
if ($even) {
$median = $midValue / 2;
}
return $median;
返回的$中位数将是所需的结果:-)
其他回答
我建议一个更快的方法。
获取行数:
SELECT CEIL(COUNT(*)/2);
然后取排序子查询的中间值:
SELECT max(val) FROM (SELECT val FROM data ORDER BY val limit @middlevalue);
我用5x10e6的随机数数据集进行了测试，它将在10秒内找到中位数。
按维度分组的中位数:
SELECT your_dimension, avg(t1.val) as median_val FROM (
SELECT @rownum:=@rownum+1 AS `row_number`,
IF(@dim <> d.your_dimension, @rownum := 0, NULL),
@dim := d.your_dimension AS your_dimension,
d.val
FROM data d, (SELECT @rownum:=0) r, (SELECT @dim := 'something_unreal') d
WHERE 1
-- put some where clause here
ORDER BY d.your_dimension, d.val
) as t1
INNER JOIN
(
SELECT d.your_dimension,
count(*) as total_rows
FROM data d
WHERE 1
-- put same where clause here
GROUP BY d.your_dimension
) as t2 USING(your_dimension)
WHERE 1
AND t1.row_number in ( floor((total_rows+1)/2), floor((total_rows+2)/2) )
GROUP BY your_dimension;
这是我的办法。当然，你可以把它放到一个过程中:-)
SET @median_counter = (SELECT FLOOR(COUNT(*)/2) - 1 AS `median_counter` FROM `data`);
SET @median = CONCAT('SELECT `val` FROM `data` ORDER BY `val` LIMIT ', @median_counter, ', 1');
PREPARE median FROM @median;
EXECUTE median;
你可以避免变量@median_counter，如果你替换它:
SET @median = CONCAT( 'SELECT `val` FROM `data` ORDER BY `val` LIMIT ',
(SELECT FLOOR(COUNT(*)/2) - 1 AS `median_counter` FROM `data`),
', 1'
);
PREPARE median FROM @median;
EXECUTE median;
我有下面的代码，我在HackerRank上找到的，它很简单，适用于每一种情况。
SELECT M.MEDIAN_COL FROM MEDIAN_TABLE M WHERE
(SELECT COUNT(MEDIAN_COL) FROM MEDIAN_TABLE WHERE MEDIAN_COL < M.MEDIAN_COL ) =
(SELECT COUNT(MEDIAN_COL) FROM MEDIAN_TABLE WHERE MEDIAN_COL > M.MEDIAN_COL );
MariaDB / MySQL:
SELECT AVG(dd.val) as median_val
FROM (
SELECT d.val, @rownum:=@rownum+1 as `row_number`, @total_rows:=@rownum
FROM data d, (SELECT @rownum:=0) r
WHERE d.val is NOT NULL
-- put some where clause here
ORDER BY d.val
) as dd
WHERE dd.row_number IN ( FLOOR((@total_rows+1)/2), FLOOR((@total_rows+2)/2) );
Steve Cohen指出，在第一次传递之后，@rownum将包含总行数。这可用于确定中值，因此不需要第二次传递或连接。
此外，AVG(dd.val)和dd.row_number IN(…)用于在有偶数条记录时正确地产生中位数。推理:
SELECT FLOOR((3+1)/2),FLOOR((3+2)/2); -- when total_rows is 3, avg rows 2 and 2
SELECT FLOOR((4+1)/2),FLOOR((4+2)/2); -- when total_rows is 4, avg rows 2 and 3
最后，MariaDB 10.3.3+包含一个MEDIAN函数
