假设你有不同的客户，他们有不同的偏好。有人需要大众、奥迪等等。有一样东西是共同的，那就是汽车。

为了让我们的客户满意，我们需要一个工厂。工厂只需要知道客户想要哪一辆车，并将其交付给客户。如果以后我们有另一辆车，我们可以很容易地扩大我们的停车场和工厂。

下面你可以看到一个例子(ABAP):

现在，我们将创建工厂的实例，并监听客户的愿望。

我们只用一个create()方法创建了三种不同的汽车。

结果:

如果你想让逻辑更清晰，程序更可扩展，工厂模式通常非常有用。

GOF定义:

定义一个用于创建对象的接口，但是让子类来决定实例化哪个类。工厂方法允许类延迟实例化到子类。

一般例子:

public abstract class Factory<T> {

    public abstract T instantiate(Supplier<? extends T> supplier);

}

具体类

public class SupplierFactory<T> extends Factory<T> {

    @Override
    public T instantiate(Supplier<? extends T> supplier) {
        return supplier.get();
    }
}

实现

public class Alpha implements BaseInterface {
    @Override
    public void doAction() {
        System.out.println("The Alpha executed");
    }
}

public class Beta implements BaseInterface {
    @Override
    public void doAction() {
        System.out.println("The Beta executed");
    }
}

public interface BaseInterface {
    void doAction();
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Factory<BaseInterface> secondFactory = new SupplierFactory<>();
        secondFactory.instantiate(Beta::new).doAction();
        secondFactory.instantiate(Alpha::new).doAction();
    }
}

短暂的优势

您正在分离可以变化的代码和不变的代码(即，使用简单工厂模式的优点仍然存在)。这种技术可以帮助您轻松地维护代码。 你的代码不是紧密耦合的;因此，你可以随时在系统中添加新的类，如Lion、Beer等，而无需修改现有的体系结构。因此，您遵循了“修改封闭，扩展开放”的原则。

当您需要几个具有相同参数类型但具有不同行为的“构造函数”时，它们也很有用。

UML从

Product:它定义Factory方法创建的对象的接口。

ConcreteProduct:实现Product接口

创建者:声明Factory方法

ConcreateCreator:实现Factory方法以返回ConcreteProduct的实例

问题陈述:使用定义游戏界面的工厂方法创建游戏工厂。

代码片段:

import java.util.HashMap;


/* Product interface as per UML diagram */
interface Game{
    /* createGame is a complex method, which executes a sequence of game steps */
    public void createGame();
}

/* ConcreteProduct implementation as per UML diagram */
class Chess implements Game{
    public Chess(){

    }
    public void createGame(){
        System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
        System.out.println("Create Chess game");
        System.out.println("Opponents:2");
        System.out.println("Define 64 blocks");
        System.out.println("Place 16 pieces for White opponent");
        System.out.println("Place 16 pieces for Black opponent");
        System.out.println("Start Chess game");
        System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
    }
}
class Checkers implements Game{
    public Checkers(){

    }
    public void createGame(){
        System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
        System.out.println("Create Checkers game");
        System.out.println("Opponents:2 or 3 or 4 or 6");
        System.out.println("For each opponent, place 10 coins");
        System.out.println("Start Checkers game");
        System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
    }
}
class Ludo implements Game{
    public Ludo(){

    }
    public void createGame(){
        System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
        System.out.println("Create Ludo game");
        System.out.println("Opponents:2 or 3 or 4");
        System.out.println("For each opponent, place 4 coins");
        System.out.println("Create two dices with numbers from 1-6");
        System.out.println("Start Ludo game");
        System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
    }
}

/* Creator interface as per UML diagram */
interface IGameFactory {
    public Game getGame(String gameName);
}

/* ConcreteCreator implementation as per UML diagram */
class GameFactory implements IGameFactory {

     HashMap<String,Game> games = new HashMap<String,Game>();
    /*  
        Since Game Creation is complex process, we don't want to create game using new operator every time.
        Instead we create Game only once and store it in Factory. When client request a specific game, 
        Game object is returned from Factory instead of creating new Game on the fly, which is time consuming
    */

    public GameFactory(){

        games.put(Chess.class.getName(),new Chess());
        games.put(Checkers.class.getName(),new Checkers());
        games.put(Ludo.class.getName(),new Ludo());        
    }
    public Game getGame(String gameName){
        return games.get(gameName);
    }
}

public class NonStaticFactoryDemo{
    public static void main(String args[]){
        if ( args.length < 1){
            System.out.println("Usage: java FactoryDemo gameName");
            return;
        }

        GameFactory factory = new GameFactory();
        Game game = factory.getGame(args[0]);
        if ( game != null ){                    
            game.createGame();
            System.out.println("Game="+game.getClass().getName());
        }else{
            System.out.println(args[0]+  " Game does not exists in factory");
        }           
    }
}

输出:

java NonStaticFactoryDemo Chess
---------------------------------------
Create Chess game
Opponents:2
Define 64 blocks
Place 16 pieces for White opponent
Place 16 pieces for Black opponent
Start Chess game
---------------------------------------
Game=Chess

这个例子通过实现FactoryMethod展示了一个Factory类。

Game is the interface for all type of games. It defines complex method: createGame() Chess, Ludo, Checkers are different variants of games, which provide implementation to createGame() public Game getGame(String gameName) is FactoryMethod in IGameFactory class GameFactory pre-creates different type of games in constructor. It implements IGameFactory factory method. game Name is passed as command line argument to NotStaticFactoryDemo getGame in GameFactory accepts a game name and returns corresponding Game object.

工厂:

创建对象而不向客户端公开实例化逻辑。

FactoryMethod

定义一个用于创建对象的接口，但是让子类来决定实例化哪个类。Factory方法允许类延迟实例化到子类

用例:

何时使用:客户端不知道在运行时需要创建什么具体的类，而只是想获得一个可以完成这项工作的类。

如果你想在使用方面创建一个不同的对象。它很有用。

public class factoryMethodPattern {
      static String planName = "COMMERCIALPLAN";
      static int units = 3;
      public static void main(String args[]) {
          GetPlanFactory planFactory = new GetPlanFactory();
          Plan p = planFactory.getPlan(planName);
          System.out.print("Bill amount for " + planName + " of  " + units
                        + " units is: ");
          p.getRate();
          p.calculateBill(units);
      }
}

abstract class Plan {
      protected double rate;

      abstract void getRate();

      public void calculateBill(int units) {
            System.out.println(units * rate);
      }
}

class DomesticPlan extends Plan {
      // @override
      public void getRate() {
            rate = 3.50;
      }
}

class CommercialPlan extends Plan {
      // @override
      public void getRate() {
            rate = 7.50;
      }
}

class InstitutionalPlan extends Plan {
      // @override
      public void getRate() {
            rate = 5.50;
      }
}

class GetPlanFactory {

      // use getPlan method to get object of type Plan
      public Plan getPlan(String planType) {
            if (planType == null) {
                  return null;
            }
            if (planType.equalsIgnoreCase("DOMESTICPLAN")) {
                  return new DomesticPlan();
            } else if (planType.equalsIgnoreCase("COMMERCIALPLAN")) {
                  return new CommercialPlan();
            } else if (planType.equalsIgnoreCase("INSTITUTIONALPLAN")) {
                  return new InstitutionalPlan();
            }
            return null;
      }
}

清楚地区分使用工厂或工厂方法背后的思想是很重要的。 两者都旨在解决互斥的不同类型的对象创建问题。

让我们具体谈谈“工厂方法”:

首先，当您正在开发库或api时，这些库或api将用于进一步的应用程序开发，那么工厂方法是创建模式的最佳选择之一。原因;我们知道什么时候创建一个所需功能的对象，但对象的类型仍未确定，或者将根据传递的动态参数来决定。

Now the point is, approximately same can be achieved by using factory pattern itself but one huge drawback will introduce into the system if factory pattern will be used for above highlighted problem, it is that your logic of crating different objects(sub classes objects) will be specific to some business condition so in future when you need to extend your library's functionality for other platforms(In more technically, you need to add more sub classes of basic interface or abstract class so factory will return those objects also in addition to existing one based on some dynamic parameters) then every time you need to change(extend) the logic of factory class which will be costly operation and not good from design perspective. On the other side, if "factory method" pattern will be used to perform the same thing then you just need to create additional functionality(sub classes) and get it registered dynamically by injection which doesn't require changes in your base code.

interface Deliverable 
{
    /*********/
}

abstract class DefaultProducer 
{

    public void taskToBeDone() 
    {   
        Deliverable deliverable = factoryMethodPattern();
    }
    protected abstract Deliverable factoryMethodPattern();
}

class SpecificDeliverable implements Deliverable 
{
 /***SPECIFIC TASK CAN BE WRITTEN HERE***/
}

class SpecificProducer extends DefaultProducer 
{
    protected Deliverable factoryMethodPattern() 
    {
        return new SpecificDeliverable();
    }
}

public class MasterApplicationProgram 
{
    public static void main(String arg[]) 
    {
        DefaultProducer defaultProducer = new SpecificProducer();
        defaultProducer.taskToBeDone();
    }
}