如何在整数列表中找到重复项并创建重复项的另一个列表?


当前回答

简单地检查,对于所有列表项,如果一个项的第一个索引等于该项的最后一个索引:

>>> lastindex = lambda arr, el: len(arr) - arr[::-1].index(el) -1
>>> is_duplicate  = lambda arr, el: arr.index(el) != lastindex(arr, el)
>>> duplicates = lambda arr: [*set(x for x in arr if is_duplicate(arr, x))]
>>> 
>>> a=[2,3,5,7,11,13, 2,17,7,7,17,18,3,19,5,2,7,48,48,2,19]
>>> duplicates(a)
[2, 3, 5, 7, 48, 17, 19]
>>> 

其他回答

在Python中,只需一次迭代就可以找到被愚弄的人,这是一个非常简单快速的方法:

testList = ['red', 'blue', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'blue']

testListDict = {}

for item in testList:
  try:
    testListDict[item] += 1
  except:
    testListDict[item] = 1

print testListDict

输出内容如下:

>>> print testListDict
{'blue': 3, 'green': 1, 'red': 2}

这和更多在我的博客http://www.howtoprogramwithpython.com

这里有一个简洁明了的解决方案——

for x in set(li):
    li.remove(x)

li = list(set(li))

为了实现这个问题,我们可以使用多种不同的方法来解决它,这两种是常见的解决方案,但在实际场景中实现它们时,我们还必须考虑时间复杂性。

import random
import time

dupl_list = [random.randint(1,1000) for x in range(500)]
print("List with duplicate integers")
print (dupl_list)


#Method 1 
print("******************Method 1 *************")

def Repeat_num(x):
    _size = len(x)
    repeated = []
    for i in range(_size):
        # print(i)
        k = i + 1
        for j in range(k, _size):
            # print(j)
            if x[i] == x[j] and x[i] not in repeated:
                repeated.append(x[i])
    return repeated

start = time.time()
print(Repeat_num(dupl_list))
end = time.time()
print("The time of execution of above program is :",(end-start) * 10**3, "ms")

print("***************Method 2****************")

#method 2 - using count()
def repeast_count(dup_list):
  new = []
  for a in dup_list:
      # print(a)
      # checking the occurrence of elements
      n = dup_list.count(a)
      # if the occurrence is more than
      # one we add it to the output list
      if n > 1:
          if new.count(a) == 0:  # condition to check
              new.append(a)
  return new


start = time.time()
print(repeast_count(dupl_list))
end = time.time()
print("The time of execution of above program is :",(end-start) * 10**3, "ms")

# #输出示例:

List with duplicate integers
[5, 45, 28, 81, 32, 98, 8, 83, 47, 95, 41, 49, 4, 1, 85, 26, 38, 82, 54, 11]
******************Method 1 *************
[]
The time of execution of above program is : 1.1069774627685547 ms
***************Method 2****************
[]
The time of execution of above program is : 0.1881122589111328 ms

对于一般的理解,方法1是好的,但是对于真正的实现,我更喜欢方法2,因为它比方法1花费的时间更少。

raw_list = [1,2,3,3,4,5,6,6,7,2,3,4,2,3,4,1,3,4,]

clean_list = list(set(raw_list))
duplicated_items = []

for item in raw_list:
    try:
        clean_list.remove(item)
    except ValueError:
        duplicated_items.append(item)


print(duplicated_items)
# [3, 6, 2, 3, 4, 2, 3, 4, 1, 3, 4]

基本上可以通过转换为set (clean_list)来删除重复项,然后迭代raw_list,同时删除出现在raw_list中的clean列表中的每个项。如果item未找到,则捕获引发的ValueError异常,并将该item添加到duplicated_items列表中。

如果需要重复项的索引,只需枚举列表并使用索引即可。(对于index, item in enumerate(raw_list):),对于大型列表(比如上千+的元素)来说,这是更快和优化的

我注意到大多数解决方案的复杂度为O(n * n),对于大型列表来说非常缓慢。所以我想分享一下我写的函数,它支持整数或字符串,在最好的情况下是O(n)。对于一个包含10万个元素的列表,最上面的解决方案需要超过30秒,而我的解决方案只需0.12秒

def get_duplicates(list1):
    '''Return all duplicates given a list. O(n) complexity for best case scenario.
    input: [1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4]
    output: [1, 1, 4]
    '''
    dic = {}
    for el in list1:
        try:
            dic[el] += 1
        except:
            dic[el] = 1
    dupes = []
    for key in dic.keys():
        for i in range(dic[key] - 1):
            dupes.append(key)
    return dupes


list1 = [1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4]
> print(get_duplicates(list1))
[1, 1, 4]

或者获得唯一的副本:

> print(list(set(get_duplicates(list1))))
[1, 4]