如何在整数列表中找到重复项并创建重复项的另一个列表?
当前回答
我想在列表中找到重复项最有效的方法是:
from collections import Counter
def duplicates(values):
dups = Counter(values) - Counter(set(values))
return list(dups.keys())
print(duplicates([1,2,3,6,5,2]))
它对所有元素使用一次Counter,然后对所有唯一元素使用一次Counter。用第二个减去第一个,只剩下重复的部分。
其他回答
还有其他测试。当然要做……
set([x for x in l if l.count(x) > 1])
...代价太大了。使用下一个final方法大约快500倍(数组越长结果越好):
def dups_count_dict(l):
d = {}
for item in l:
if item not in d:
d[item] = 0
d[item] += 1
result_d = {key: val for key, val in d.iteritems() if val > 1}
return result_d.keys()
只有2个循环,没有非常昂贵的l.count()操作。
下面是一个比较方法的代码。代码如下,输出如下:
dups_count: 13.368s # this is a function which uses l.count()
dups_count_dict: 0.014s # this is a final best function (of the 3 functions)
dups_count_counter: 0.024s # collections.Counter
测试代码:
import numpy as np
from time import time
from collections import Counter
class TimerCounter(object):
def __init__(self):
self._time_sum = 0
def start(self):
self.time = time()
def stop(self):
self._time_sum += time() - self.time
def get_time_sum(self):
return self._time_sum
def dups_count(l):
return set([x for x in l if l.count(x) > 1])
def dups_count_dict(l):
d = {}
for item in l:
if item not in d:
d[item] = 0
d[item] += 1
result_d = {key: val for key, val in d.iteritems() if val > 1}
return result_d.keys()
def dups_counter(l):
counter = Counter(l)
result_d = {key: val for key, val in counter.iteritems() if val > 1}
return result_d.keys()
def gen_array():
np.random.seed(17)
return list(np.random.randint(0, 5000, 10000))
def assert_equal_results(*results):
primary_result = results[0]
other_results = results[1:]
for other_result in other_results:
assert set(primary_result) == set(other_result) and len(primary_result) == len(other_result)
if __name__ == '__main__':
dups_count_time = TimerCounter()
dups_count_dict_time = TimerCounter()
dups_count_counter = TimerCounter()
l = gen_array()
for i in range(3):
dups_count_time.start()
result1 = dups_count(l)
dups_count_time.stop()
dups_count_dict_time.start()
result2 = dups_count_dict(l)
dups_count_dict_time.stop()
dups_count_counter.start()
result3 = dups_counter(l)
dups_count_counter.stop()
assert_equal_results(result1, result2, result3)
print 'dups_count: %.3f' % dups_count_time.get_time_sum()
print 'dups_count_dict: %.3f' % dups_count_dict_time.get_time_sum()
print 'dups_count_counter: %.3f' % dups_count_counter.get_time_sum()
有点晚了,但可能对一些人有帮助。 对于一个比较大的列表,我发现这个方法很适合我。
l=[1,2,3,5,4,1,3,1]
s=set(l)
d=[]
for x in l:
if x in s:
s.remove(x)
else:
d.append(x)
d
[1,3,1]
显示正确和所有重复,并保持秩序。
要删除重复项,请使用集合(a)。要打印副本,可以这样做:
a = [1,2,3,2,1,5,6,5,5,5]
import collections
print([item for item, count in collections.Counter(a).items() if count > 1])
## [1, 2, 5]
请注意Counter并不是特别有效(计时),可能会在这里过度使用。Set会表现得更好。这段代码以源顺序计算一个唯一元素的列表:
seen = set()
uniq = []
for x in a:
if x not in seen:
uniq.append(x)
seen.add(x)
或者,更简洁地说:
seen = set()
uniq = [x for x in a if x not in seen and not seen.add(x)]
我不推荐后一种风格,因为它不清楚not seen.add(x)在做什么(set add()方法总是返回None,因此需要not)。
计算没有库的重复元素列表:
seen = set()
dupes = []
for x in a:
if x in seen:
dupes.append(x)
else:
seen.add(x)
或者,更简洁地说:
seen = set()
dupes = [x for x in a if x in seen or seen.add(x)]
如果列表元素不可哈希,则不能使用set /dicts,必须使用二次时间解决方案(逐个比较)。例如:
a = [[1], [2], [3], [1], [5], [3]]
no_dupes = [x for n, x in enumerate(a) if x not in a[:n]]
print no_dupes # [[1], [2], [3], [5]]
dupes = [x for n, x in enumerate(a) if x in a[:n]]
print dupes # [[1], [3]]
在列表中使用list.count()方法查找给定列表的重复元素
arr=[]
dup =[]
for i in range(int(input("Enter range of list: "))):
arr.append(int(input("Enter Element in a list: ")))
for i in arr:
if arr.count(i)>1 and i not in dup:
dup.append(i)
print(dup)
你不需要计数,只需要该物品之前是否被看到过。把这个答案用在这个问题上:
def list_duplicates(seq):
seen = set()
seen_add = seen.add
# adds all elements it doesn't know yet to seen and all other to seen_twice
seen_twice = set( x for x in seq if x in seen or seen_add(x) )
# turn the set into a list (as requested)
return list( seen_twice )
a = [1,2,3,2,1,5,6,5,5,5]
list_duplicates(a) # yields [1, 2, 5]
以防速度很重要,这里有一些时间安排:
# file: test.py
import collections
def thg435(l):
return [x for x, y in collections.Counter(l).items() if y > 1]
def moooeeeep(l):
seen = set()
seen_add = seen.add
# adds all elements it doesn't know yet to seen and all other to seen_twice
seen_twice = set( x for x in l if x in seen or seen_add(x) )
# turn the set into a list (as requested)
return list( seen_twice )
def RiteshKumar(l):
return list(set([x for x in l if l.count(x) > 1]))
def JohnLaRooy(L):
seen = set()
seen2 = set()
seen_add = seen.add
seen2_add = seen2.add
for item in L:
if item in seen:
seen2_add(item)
else:
seen_add(item)
return list(seen2)
l = [1,2,3,2,1,5,6,5,5,5]*100
以下是结果:(做得好@JohnLaRooy!)
$ python -mtimeit -s 'import test' 'test.JohnLaRooy(test.l)'
10000 loops, best of 3: 74.6 usec per loop
$ python -mtimeit -s 'import test' 'test.moooeeeep(test.l)'
10000 loops, best of 3: 91.3 usec per loop
$ python -mtimeit -s 'import test' 'test.thg435(test.l)'
1000 loops, best of 3: 266 usec per loop
$ python -mtimeit -s 'import test' 'test.RiteshKumar(test.l)'
100 loops, best of 3: 8.35 msec per loop
有趣的是,除了计时本身,当使用pypy时,排名也略有变化。最有趣的是,基于counter的方法极大地受益于pypy的优化,而我建议的方法缓存方法似乎几乎没有任何效果。
$ pypy -mtimeit -s 'import test' 'test.JohnLaRooy(test.l)'
100000 loops, best of 3: 17.8 usec per loop
$ pypy -mtimeit -s 'import test' 'test.thg435(test.l)'
10000 loops, best of 3: 23 usec per loop
$ pypy -mtimeit -s 'import test' 'test.moooeeeep(test.l)'
10000 loops, best of 3: 39.3 usec per loop
显然,这种效应与输入数据的“重复性”有关。我设置了l = [random.randrange(1000000) for I in xrange(10000)],得到了这些结果:
$ pypy -mtimeit -s 'import test' 'test.moooeeeep(test.l)'
1000 loops, best of 3: 495 usec per loop
$ pypy -mtimeit -s 'import test' 'test.JohnLaRooy(test.l)'
1000 loops, best of 3: 499 usec per loop
$ pypy -mtimeit -s 'import test' 'test.thg435(test.l)'
1000 loops, best of 3: 1.68 msec per loop
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