如何在整数列表中找到重复项并创建重复项的另一个列表?


当前回答

一个非常简单的解决方案,但是复杂度是O(n*n)。

>>> xs = [1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,1]
>>> set([x for x in xs if xs.count(x) > 1])
set([1, 4, 5])

其他回答

为了实现这个问题,我们可以使用多种不同的方法来解决它,这两种是常见的解决方案,但在实际场景中实现它们时,我们还必须考虑时间复杂性。

import random
import time

dupl_list = [random.randint(1,1000) for x in range(500)]
print("List with duplicate integers")
print (dupl_list)


#Method 1 
print("******************Method 1 *************")

def Repeat_num(x):
    _size = len(x)
    repeated = []
    for i in range(_size):
        # print(i)
        k = i + 1
        for j in range(k, _size):
            # print(j)
            if x[i] == x[j] and x[i] not in repeated:
                repeated.append(x[i])
    return repeated

start = time.time()
print(Repeat_num(dupl_list))
end = time.time()
print("The time of execution of above program is :",(end-start) * 10**3, "ms")

print("***************Method 2****************")

#method 2 - using count()
def repeast_count(dup_list):
  new = []
  for a in dup_list:
      # print(a)
      # checking the occurrence of elements
      n = dup_list.count(a)
      # if the occurrence is more than
      # one we add it to the output list
      if n > 1:
          if new.count(a) == 0:  # condition to check
              new.append(a)
  return new


start = time.time()
print(repeast_count(dupl_list))
end = time.time()
print("The time of execution of above program is :",(end-start) * 10**3, "ms")

# #输出示例:

List with duplicate integers
[5, 45, 28, 81, 32, 98, 8, 83, 47, 95, 41, 49, 4, 1, 85, 26, 38, 82, 54, 11]
******************Method 1 *************
[]
The time of execution of above program is : 1.1069774627685547 ms
***************Method 2****************
[]
The time of execution of above program is : 0.1881122589111328 ms

对于一般的理解,方法1是好的,但是对于真正的实现,我更喜欢方法2,因为它比方法1花费的时间更少。

集合。Counter是python 2.7中的新功能:


Python 2.5.4 (r254:67916, May 31 2010, 15:03:39) 
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-46)] on linux2
a = [1,2,3,2,1,5,6,5,5,5]
import collections
print [x for x, y in collections.Counter(a).items() if y > 1]
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
  File "", line 1, in 
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'Counter'
>>> 

在早期版本中,你可以使用传统的字典:

a = [1,2,3,2,1,5,6,5,5,5]
d = {}
for elem in a:
    if elem in d:
        d[elem] += 1
    else:
        d[elem] = 1

print [x for x, y in d.items() if y > 1]

通过检查出现的次数,简单地遍历列表中的每个元素,然后将它们添加到一个集,然后打印重复的元素。希望这能帮助到一些人。

myList  = [2 ,4 , 6, 8, 4, 6, 12];
newList = set()

for i in myList:
    if myList.count(i) >= 2:
        newList.add(i)

print(list(newList))
## [4 , 6]

下面是一个快速生成器,它使用dict将每个元素存储为一个带有布尔值的键,用于检查是否已经产生了重复项。

对于所有元素都是可哈希类型的列表:

def gen_dupes(array):
    unique = {}
    for value in array:
        if value in unique and unique[value]:
            unique[value] = False
            yield value
        else:
            unique[value] = True

array = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 6]
print(list(gen_dupes(array)))
# => [2, 1, 6]

对于可能包含列表的列表:

def gen_dupes(array):
    unique = {}
    for value in array:
        is_list = False
        if type(value) is list:
            value = tuple(value)
            is_list = True

        if value in unique and unique[value]:
            unique[value] = False
            if is_list:
                value = list(value)

            yield value
        else:
            unique[value] = True

array = [1, 2, 2, [1, 2], 3, 4, [1, 2], 5, 2, 6, 6]
print(list(gen_dupes(array)))
# => [2, [1, 2], 6]

我是很晚才开始讨论这个问题的。尽管如此,我还是想用一句话来解决这个问题。因为这就是Python的魅力所在。 如果我们只是想把副本放到一个单独的列表(或任何集合)中,我建议这样做。假设我们有一个重复的列表我们称之为目标

    target=[1,2,3,4,4,4,3,5,6,8,4,3]

现在如果我们想要得到副本,我们可以使用下面的一行代码:

    duplicates=dict(set((x,target.count(x)) for x in filter(lambda rec : target.count(rec)>1,target)))

这段代码将把复制的记录作为键,并将其作为值放入字典'duplicate '中。“复制”字典将如下所示:

    {3: 3, 4: 4} #it saying 3 is repeated 3 times and 4 is 4 times

如果你只是想在一个列表中单独列出所有重复的记录,它的代码也更短:

    duplicates=filter(lambda rec : target.count(rec)>1,target)

输出将是:

    [3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3]

这在python 2.7中完美地工作。X +版本