还有其他测试。当然要做……

set([x for x in l if l.count(x) > 1])

.．.代价太大了。使用下一个final方法大约快500倍(数组越长结果越好):

def dups_count_dict(l):
    d = {}

    for item in l:
        if item not in d:
            d[item] = 0

        d[item] += 1

    result_d = {key: val for key, val in d.iteritems() if val > 1}

    return result_d.keys()

只有2个循环，没有非常昂贵的l.count()操作。

下面是一个比较方法的代码。代码如下，输出如下:

dups_count: 13.368s # this is a function which uses l.count()
dups_count_dict: 0.014s # this is a final best function (of the 3 functions)
dups_count_counter: 0.024s # collections.Counter

测试代码:

import numpy as np
from time import time
from collections import Counter

class TimerCounter(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self._time_sum = 0

    def start(self):
        self.time = time()

    def stop(self):
        self._time_sum += time() - self.time

    def get_time_sum(self):
        return self._time_sum


def dups_count(l):
    return set([x for x in l if l.count(x) > 1])


def dups_count_dict(l):
    d = {}

    for item in l:
        if item not in d:
            d[item] = 0

        d[item] += 1

    result_d = {key: val for key, val in d.iteritems() if val > 1}

    return result_d.keys()


def dups_counter(l):
    counter = Counter(l)    

    result_d = {key: val for key, val in counter.iteritems() if val > 1}

    return result_d.keys()



def gen_array():
    np.random.seed(17)
    return list(np.random.randint(0, 5000, 10000))


def assert_equal_results(*results):
    primary_result = results[0]
    other_results = results[1:]

    for other_result in other_results:
        assert set(primary_result) == set(other_result) and len(primary_result) == len(other_result)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    dups_count_time = TimerCounter()
    dups_count_dict_time = TimerCounter()
    dups_count_counter = TimerCounter()

    l = gen_array()

    for i in range(3):
        dups_count_time.start()
        result1 = dups_count(l)
        dups_count_time.stop()

        dups_count_dict_time.start()
        result2 = dups_count_dict(l)
        dups_count_dict_time.stop()

        dups_count_counter.start()
        result3 = dups_counter(l)
        dups_count_counter.stop()

        assert_equal_results(result1, result2, result3)

    print 'dups_count: %.3f' % dups_count_time.get_time_sum()
    print 'dups_count_dict: %.3f' % dups_count_dict_time.get_time_sum()
    print 'dups_count_counter: %.3f' % dups_count_counter.get_time_sum()

如果你不关心自己编写算法或使用库，Python 3.8一行代码:

l = [1,2,3,2,1,5,6,5,5,5]

res = [(x, count) for x, g in groupby(sorted(l)) if (count := len(list(g))) > 1]

print(res)

打印项目和计数:

[(1, 2), (2, 2), (5, 4)]

groupby接受一个分组函数，因此您可以以不同的方式定义分组，并根据需要返回额外的Tuple字段。

有点晚了，但可能对一些人有帮助。 对于一个比较大的列表，我发现这个方法很适合我。

l=[1,2,3,5,4,1,3,1]
s=set(l)
d=[]
for x in l:
    if x in s:
        s.remove(x)
    else:
        d.append(x)
d
[1,3,1]

显示正确和所有重复，并保持秩序。

这里有一个简洁明了的解决方案——

for x in set(li):
    li.remove(x)

li = list(set(li))

使用toolz时:

from toolz import frequencies, valfilter

a = [1,2,2,3,4,5,4]
>>> list(valfilter(lambda count: count > 1, frequencies(a)).keys())
[2,4] 

通过检查出现的次数，简单地遍历列表中的每个元素，然后将它们添加到一个集，然后打印重复的元素。希望这能帮助到一些人。

myList  = [2 ,4 , 6, 8, 4, 6, 12];
newList = set()

for i in myList:
    if myList.count(i) >= 2:
        newList.add(i)

print(list(newList))
## [4 , 6]