一般来说，正如上面几乎每个答案所提到的，堆栈分配比堆分配快。堆栈的push或pop是O(1)，而从堆中分配或释放可能需要遍历之前的分配。但是，您通常不应该在紧凑的性能密集型循环中进行分配，因此选择通常取决于其他因素。

做出这样的区分可能会有好处:您可以在堆上使用“堆栈分配器”。严格地说，我认为堆栈分配是指分配的实际方法，而不是分配的位置。如果你在实际的程序堆栈上分配了很多东西，这可能会因为各种各样的原因而变得很糟糕。另一方面，在可能的情况下使用堆栈方法在堆上进行分配是分配方法的最佳选择。

既然你提到了《Metrowerks》和《PPC》，我猜你指的是Wii。在这种情况下，内存是非常宝贵的，在任何可能的情况下使用堆栈分配方法都可以保证您不会在片段上浪费内存。当然，这样做需要比“普通”堆分配方法更加小心。对每种情况进行权衡是明智的。

堆栈分配要快得多，因为它所做的只是移动堆栈指针。 使用内存池，您可以从堆分配中获得类似的性能，但这会略微增加复杂性，并带来令人头痛的问题。

此外，堆栈与堆不仅是性能方面的考虑;它还告诉您许多关于对象的预期生存期的信息。

通常，堆栈分配只是由堆栈指针寄存器中的减法组成。这比搜索堆快多了。

Sometimes stack allocation requires adding a page(s) of virtual memory. Adding a new page of zeroed memory doesn't require reading a page from disk, so usually this is still going to be tons faster than searching a heap (especially if part of the heap was paged out too). In a rare situation, and you could construct such an example, enough space just happens to be available in part of the heap which is already in RAM, but allocating a new page for the stack has to wait for some other page to get written out to disk. In that rare situation, the heap is faster.

Remark that the considerations are typically not about speed and performance when choosing stack versus heap allocation. The stack acts like a stack, which means it is well suited for pushing blocks and popping them again, last in, first out. Execution of procedures is also stack-like, last procedure entered is first to be exited. In most programming languages, all the variables needed in a procedure will only be visible during the procedure's execution, thus they are pushed upon entering a procedure and popped off the stack upon exit or return.

现在来看一个不能使用堆栈的例子:

Proc P
{
  pointer x;
  Proc S
  {
    pointer y;
    y = allocate_some_data();
    x = y;
  }
}

If you allocate some memory in procedure S and put it on the stack and then exit S, the allocated data will be popped off the stack. But the variable x in P also pointed to that data, so x is now pointing to some place underneath the stack pointer (assume stack grows downwards) with an unknown content. The content might still be there if the stack pointer is just moved up without clearing the data beneath it, but if you start allocating new data on the stack, the pointer x might actually point to that new data instead.

尽管堆分配器可以简单地使用基于堆栈的分配技术，但堆栈分配几乎总是与堆分配一样快或更快。

However, there are larger issues when dealing with the overall performance of stack vs. heap based allocation (or in slightly better terms, local vs. external allocation). Usually, heap (external) allocation is slow because it is dealing with many different kinds of allocations and allocation patterns. Reducing the scope of the allocator you are using (making it local to the algorithm/code) will tend to increase performance without any major changes. Adding better structure to your allocation patterns, for example, forcing a LIFO ordering on allocation and deallocation pairs can also improve your allocator's performance by using the allocator in a simpler and more structured way. Or, you can use or write an allocator tuned for your particular allocation pattern; most programs allocate a few discrete sizes frequently, so a heap that is based on a lookaside buffer of a few fixed (preferably known) sizes will perform extremely well. Windows uses its low-fragmentation-heap for this very reason.

另一方面，如果线程太多，在32位内存范围上基于堆栈的分配也充满了危险。堆栈需要一个连续的内存范围，因此线程越多，就需要更多的虚拟地址空间来让它们在没有堆栈溢出的情况下运行。对于64位的程序来说，这(目前)不是问题，但是对于具有大量线程的长时间运行的程序来说，它肯定会造成严重破坏。由于碎片化而导致虚拟地址空间耗尽总是一件令人痛苦的事情。

堆栈要快得多。它在大多数架构上只使用一条指令，在大多数情况下，例如在x86上:

sub esp, 0x10

(将堆栈指针向下移动0x10个字节，从而“分配”这些字节供变量使用。)

当然，堆栈的大小是非常非常有限的，因为你很快就会发现你是否过度使用堆栈分配或尝试进行递归:-)

同样，没有什么理由去优化那些不需要它的代码的性能，比如通过分析来证明。“过早的优化”通常会导致比它本身价值更多的问题。

我的经验法则:如果我知道我将在编译时需要一些数据，并且它的大小在几百字节以下，我就会对它进行堆栈分配。否则我进行堆分配。