以下是一些值得考虑的其他原因:

struct有一个自动初始化式，你根本不需要在代码中维护它。 struct MorphProperty { var类型:MorphPropertyValueType var键:字符串 var值:AnyObject enum MorphPropertyValueType { case字符串，Int, Double ｝ ｝ var m = MorphProperty(类型:.Int，键:“什么”，值:“blah”)

要在类中得到这个，你必须添加初始化式，并维护初始化式…

Basic collection types like Array are structs. The more you use them in your own code, the more you will get used to passing by value as opposed to reference. For instance: func removeLast(var array:[String]) { array.removeLast() println(array) // [one, two] } var someArray = ["one", "two", "three"] removeLast(someArray) println(someArray) // [one, two, three] Apparently immutability vs. mutability is a huge topic, but a lot of smart folks think immutability -- structs in this case -- is preferable. Mutable vs immutable objects

假设我们知道Struct是值类型，Class是引用类型。

如果你不知道值类型和引用类型是什么，那么看看按引用传递和按值传递之间的区别是什么?

根据mikeash的帖子:

... Let's look at some extreme, obvious examples first. Integers are obviously copyable. They should be value types. Network sockets can't be sensibly copied. They should be reference types. Points, as in x, y pairs, are copyable. They should be value types. A controller that represents a disk can't be sensibly copied. That should be a reference type. Some types can be copied but it may not be something you want to happen all the time. This suggests that they should be reference types. For example, a button on the screen can conceptually be copied. The copy will not be quite identical to the original. A click on the copy will not activate the original. The copy will not occupy the same location on the screen. If you pass the button around or put it into a new variable you'll probably want to refer to the original button, and you'd only want to make a copy when it's explicitly requested. That means that your button type should be a reference type. View and window controllers are a similar example. They might be copyable, conceivably, but it's almost never what you'd want to do. They should be reference types. What about model types? You might have a User type representing a user on your system, or a Crime type representing an action taken by a User. These are pretty copyable, so they should probably be value types. However, you probably want updates to a User's Crime made in one place in your program to be visible to other parts of the program. This suggests that your Users should be managed by some sort of user controller which would be a reference type. e.g struct User {} class UserController { var users: [User] func add(user: User) { ... } func remove(userNamed: String) { ... } func ... } Collections are an interesting case. These include things like arrays and dictionaries, as well as strings. Are they copyable? Obviously. Is copying something you want to happen easily and often? That's less clear. Most languages say "no" to this and make their collections reference types. This is true in Objective-C and Java and Python and JavaScript and almost every other language I can think of. (One major exception is C++ with STL collection types, but C++ is the raving lunatic of the language world which does everything strangely.) Swift said "yes," which means that types like Array and Dictionary and String are structs rather than classes. They get copied on assignment, and on passing them as parameters. This is an entirely sensible choice as long as the copy is cheap, which Swift tries very hard to accomplish. ...

我个人不会这样命名我的类。我通常将我的命名为UserManager而不是UserController，但想法是一样的

另外，当你必须重写一个函数的每个实例(即它们没有任何共享功能)时，不要使用类。

所以不是一个类的几个子类。使用几个符合协议的结构体。

使用结构体的另一种合理情况是，当你想对新旧模型进行delta/diff运算时。对于引用类型，你不能开箱即用。对于值类型，突变是不共享的。

结构是值类型，类是引用类型

值类型比引用类型快 值类型实例在多线程环境中是安全的 多线程可以改变实例，而不必担心 关于竞争条件或死锁 与引用类型不同，值类型没有引用;因此, 就是没有内存泄漏。

在以下情况使用值类型:

你希望副本有独立的状态，数据才会被使用 跨多线程的代码

在以下情况使用引用类型:

您希望创建共享的、可变的状态。

更多的信息也可以在苹果文档中找到

https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/LanguageGuide/ClassesAndStructures.html

额外的信息

Swift值类型保存在堆栈中。在进程中，每个线程都有自己的堆栈空间，因此没有其他线程能够直接访问您的值类型。因此，没有竞争条件、锁、死锁或任何相关的线程同步复杂性。

值类型不需要动态内存分配或引用计数，这两者都是昂贵的操作。同时，值类型上的方法是静态分派的。就性能而言，这为值类型创造了巨大的优势。

作为提醒，这里有一个Swift列表

值类型:

结构体 枚举 元组 基本类型(Int, Double, Bool等) 集合(数组，字符串，字典，集合)

引用类型:

类 任何来自NSObject的东西 函数 关闭

从值类型和引用类型的角度来回答这个问题，从苹果博客的这篇文章来看，它看起来非常简单:

使用值类型[例如struct, enum]: 用==比较实例数据是有意义的 你希望副本有独立的状态 这些数据将在代码中跨多个线程使用 在以下情况下使用引用类型[例如class]: 比较实例标识和===是有意义的 您希望创建共享的、可变的状态

正如在那篇文章中提到的，没有可写属性的类将与结构体的行为相同，但有一点需要注意:结构体最适合线程安全模型——这是现代应用程序架构中日益迫切的需求。

在这些回答中没有注意到的一点是，持有类和结构的变量可以是let，同时仍然允许对对象的属性进行更改，而对于结构则不能这样做。

如果你不希望变量指向另一个对象，但仍然需要修改对象，即在有许多实例变量的情况下，你希望一个接一个地更新，这是很有用的。如果它是一个结构，你必须允许变量被重置为另一个对象使用var，因为在Swift常量值类型正确地允许零突变，而引用类型(类)不这样做。

结构vs类

[堆栈vs堆] [值vs参考类型]

结构更可取。但是缺省情况下，Struct并不能解决所有问题。通常你会听说值类型是在堆栈上分配的，但这并不总是正确的。只有局部变量被分配到堆栈上

//simple blocks
struct ValueType {}
class ReferenceType {}

struct StructWithRef {
    let ref1 = ReferenceType()
}

class ClassWithRef {
    let ref1 = ReferenceType()
}

func foo() {
    
    //simple  blocks
    let valueType1 = ValueType()
    let refType1 = ReferenceType()
    
    //RetainCount
    //StructWithRef
    let structWithRef1 = StructWithRef()
    let structWithRef1Copy = structWithRef1
    
    print("original:", CFGetRetainCount(structWithRef1 as CFTypeRef)) //1
    print("ref1:", CFGetRetainCount(structWithRef1.ref1)) //2 (originally 3)
    
    //ClassWithRef
    let classWithRef1 = ClassWithRef()
    let classWithRef1Copy = classWithRef1
    
    print("original:", CFGetRetainCount(classWithRef1)) //2 (originally 3)
    print("ref1:", CFGetRetainCount(classWithRef1.ref1)) //1 (originally 2)
     
}

*你不应该使用/依赖retainCount，因为它没有提供有用的信息

检查堆栈或堆

在编译过程中SIL(Swift中间语言)可以优化你的代码

swiftc -emit-silgen -<optimization> <file_name>.swift
//e.g.
swiftc -emit-silgen -Onone file.swift

//emit-silgen -> emit-sil(is used in any case)
//-emit-silgen           Emit raw SIL file(s)
//-emit-sil              Emit canonical SIL file(s)
//optimization: O, Osize, Onone. It is the same as Swift Compiler - Code Generation -> Optimization Level

在那里你可以找到alloc_stack(在堆栈上的分配)和alloc_box(在堆上的分配)

(优化级别(SWIFT_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL)]