As struct are value types and you can create the memory very easily which stores into stack.Struct can be easily accessible and after the scope of the work it's easily deallocated from the stack memory through pop from the top of the stack. On the other hand class is a reference type which stores in heap and changes made in one class object will impact to other object as they are tightly coupled and reference type.All members of a structure are public whereas all the members of a class are private.

struct的缺点是不能被继承。

在Swift中，引入了一种新的编程模式，称为面向协议编程。

创建型模式:

在swift中，Struct是一种自动克隆的值类型。因此，我们可以免费获得实现原型模式所需的行为。

而类是引用类型，在赋值过程中不会自动克隆。为了实现原型模式，类必须采用NSCopying协议。

浅拷贝只复制指向那些对象的引用，而深拷贝复制对象的引用。

为每种引用类型实现深度复制已成为一项乏味的任务。如果类包含进一步的引用类型，我们必须为每个引用属性实现原型模式。然后我们需要通过实现NSCopying协议复制整个对象图。

class Contact{
  var firstName:String
  var lastName:String
  var workAddress:Address // Reference type
}

class Address{
   var street:String
   ...
} 

通过使用结构体和枚举，我们使我们的代码更简单，因为我们不需要实现复制逻辑。

许多Cocoa api需要NSObject子类，这迫使你使用class。但除此之外，你可以使用以下苹果Swift博客中的案例来决定是使用struct / enum值类型还是类引用类型。

https://developer.apple.com/swift/blog/?id=10

结构比类快得多。同样，如果你需要继承，那么你必须使用Class。最重要的一点是类是引用类型，而结构是值类型。例如,

class Flight {
    var id:Int?
    var description:String?
    var destination:String?
    var airlines:String?
    init(){
        id = 100
        description = "first ever flight of Virgin Airlines"
        destination = "london"
        airlines = "Virgin Airlines"
    } 
}

struct Flight2 {
    var id:Int
    var description:String
    var destination:String
    var airlines:String  
}

现在让我们创建两者的实例。

var flightA = Flight()

var flightB = Flight2.init(id: 100, description:"first ever flight of Virgin Airlines", destination:"london" , airlines:"Virgin Airlines" )

现在让我们将这些实例传递给两个修改id、描述、目的地等的函数。

func modifyFlight(flight:Flight) -> Void {
    flight.id = 200
    flight.description = "second flight of Virgin Airlines"
    flight.destination = "new york"
    flight.airlines = "Virgin Airlines"
}

同时,

func modifyFlight2(flight2: Flight2) -> Void {
    var passedFlight = flight2
    passedFlight.id = 200
    passedFlight.description = "second flight from virgin airlines" 
}

so,

modifyFlight(flight: flightA)
modifyFlight2(flight2: flightB)

现在如果我们打印航班a的id和描述，我们得到

id = 200
description = "second flight of Virgin Airlines"

在这里，我们可以看到FlightA的id和描述被改变了，因为传递给modify方法的参数实际上指向FlightA对象(引用类型)的内存地址。

现在如果我们打印FLightB实例的id和描述，

id = 100
description = "first ever flight of Virgin Airlines"

这里我们可以看到FlightB实例没有改变，因为在modifyFlight2方法中，Flight2的实际实例是传递而不是引用(值类型)。

As struct are value types and you can create the memory very easily which stores into stack.Struct can be easily accessible and after the scope of the work it's easily deallocated from the stack memory through pop from the top of the stack. On the other hand class is a reference type which stores in heap and changes made in one class object will impact to other object as they are tightly coupled and reference type.All members of a structure are public whereas all the members of a class are private.

struct的缺点是不能被继承。

我不会说结构体提供的功能更少。

当然，self是不可变的，除了在突变函数中，但仅此而已。

继承可以很好地工作，只要您坚持每个类都应该是抽象的或最终的。

将抽象类实现为协议，将最终类实现为结构。

struct的好处是你可以在不创建共享可变状态的情况下使你的字段可变，因为写时复制会照顾到这一点:)

这就是为什么下面例子中的属性/字段都是可变的，我不会在Java或c#或swift类中这样做。

示例继承结构，在底部名为" Example "的函数中有一点脏和直接的用法:

protocol EventVisitor
{
    func visit(event: TimeEvent)
    func visit(event: StatusEvent)
}

protocol Event
{
    var ts: Int64 { get set }

    func accept(visitor: EventVisitor)
}

struct TimeEvent : Event
{
    var ts: Int64
    var time: Int64

    func accept(visitor: EventVisitor)
    {
        visitor.visit(self)
    }
}

protocol StatusEventVisitor
{
    func visit(event: StatusLostStatusEvent)
    func visit(event: StatusChangedStatusEvent)
}

protocol StatusEvent : Event
{
    var deviceId: Int64 { get set }

    func accept(visitor: StatusEventVisitor)
}

struct StatusLostStatusEvent : StatusEvent
{
    var ts: Int64
    var deviceId: Int64
    var reason: String

    func accept(visitor: EventVisitor)
    {
        visitor.visit(self)
    }

    func accept(visitor: StatusEventVisitor)
    {
        visitor.visit(self)
    }
}

struct StatusChangedStatusEvent : StatusEvent
{
    var ts: Int64
    var deviceId: Int64
    var newStatus: UInt32
    var oldStatus: UInt32

    func accept(visitor: EventVisitor)
    {
        visitor.visit(self)
    }

    func accept(visitor: StatusEventVisitor)
    {
        visitor.visit(self)
    }
}

func readEvent(fd: Int) -> Event
{
    return TimeEvent(ts: 123, time: 56789)
}

func example()
{
    class Visitor : EventVisitor
    {
        var status: UInt32 = 3;

        func visit(event: TimeEvent)
        {
            print("A time event: \(event)")
        }

        func visit(event: StatusEvent)
        {
            print("A status event: \(event)")

            if let change = event as? StatusChangedStatusEvent
            {
                status = change.newStatus
            }
        }
    }

    let visitor = Visitor()

    readEvent(1).accept(visitor)

    print("status: \(visitor.status)")
}