另一种在shell中避免循环的脚本变体:

#!/bin/bash
grep VmSwap /proc/[0-9]*/status | awk -F':' -v sort="$1" '
  {
    split($1,pid,"/") # Split first field on /
    split($3,swp," ") # Split third field on space
    cmdlinefile = "/proc/"pid[3]"/cmdline" # Build the cmdline filepath
    getline pname[pid[3]] < cmdlinefile # Get the command line from pid
    swap[pid[3]] = sprintf("%6i %s",swp[1],swp[2]) # Store the swap used (with unit to avoid rebuilding at print)
    sum+=swp[1] # Sum the swap
  }
  END {
    OFS="\t" # Change the output separator to tabulation
    print "Pid","Swap used","Command line" # Print header
    if(sort) {
      getline max_pid < "/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max"
      for(p=1;p<=max_pid;p++) {
        if(p in pname) print p,swap[p],pname[p] # print the values
      }
    } else {
      for(p in pname) { # Loop over all pids found
        print p,swap[p],pname[p] # print the values
      }
    }
    print "Total swap used:",sum # print the sum
  }'

标准用法是script.sh以随机顺序获取每个程序的使用情况(直到awk如何存储其哈希值)或script.sh 1以pid对输出进行排序。

我希望我已经对代码进行了足够的注释，以说明它的功能。

您可以使用Procpath(作者在这里)，以简化从/proc/$PID/status解析vmswwap。

$ procpath record -f stat,cmdline,status -r 1 -d db.sqlite
$ sqlite3 -column db.sqlite \
  'SELECT status_name, status_vmswap FROM record ORDER BY status_vmswap DESC LIMIT 5'
Web Content  192136       
okular       186872       
thunderbird  183692       
Web Content  143404       
MainThread   86300

您还可以像这样绘制感兴趣的进程的vmswwap。在这里，我正在记录Firefox进程树，同时打开几十个选项卡，并启动一个占用大量内存的应用程序，试图导致它进行交换(这对Firefox来说并不令人信服，但您的情况可能不同)。

$ procpath record -f stat,cmdline,status -i 1 -d db2.sqlite \
  '$..children[?(@.stat.pid == 6029)]'
# interrupt by Ctrl+C
$ procpath plot -d db2.sqlite -q cpu --custom-value-expr status_vmswap \
  --title "CPU usage, % vs Swap, kB"

还有两种变体:

因为top或htop不能安装在小型系统上，所以浏览/proc总是可能的。

即使在小型系统上，你也会发现一个壳…

一个shell变体!(不仅仅是bash)

这与loolotux脚本完全相同，但没有任何到grep, awk或ps的分支。这要快得多!

由于bash是性能最差的shell之一，我们做了一些工作，以确保该脚本在dash、busybox和其他一些环境下能够正常运行。然后，(感谢Stéphane Chazelas)再次变得更快!

#!/bin/sh 
# Get current swap usage for all running processes
# Felix Hauri 2016-08-05
# Rewritted without fork. Inspired by first stuff from
# Erik Ljungstrom 27/05/2011
# Modified by Mikko Rantalainen 2012-08-09
# Pipe the output to "sort -nk3" to get sorted output
# Modified by Marc Methot 2014-09-18
# removed the need for sudo

OVERALL=0
for FILE in /proc/[0-9]*/status ;do
    SUM=0
    while read FIELD VALUE;do
        case $FIELD in
            Pid )    PID=$VALUE         ;;
            Name )   PROGNAME="$VALUE"  ;;
            VmSwap ) SUM=${VALUE%% *} ; break ;;
        esac
    done <$FILE
    [ $SUM -gt 0 ] &&
        printf "PID: %9d  swapped: %11d KB (%s)\n" $PID $SUM "$PROGNAME"
    OVERALL=$((OVERALL+SUM))
done
printf "Total swapped memory: %14u KB\n" $OVERALL

别忘了双引号“$PROGNAME”!请看Stéphane Chazelas的评论:

read FIELD PROGNAME < <(
    perl -ne 'BEGIN{$0="/*/*/../../*/*"} print if /^Name/' /proc/self/status
)
echo $FIELD "$PROGNAME"

不要尝试在合理的系统上不带双引号的回显$PROGNAME，并在此之前准备好杀死当前shell !

还有一个perl版本

当这变成一个不那么简单的脚本，时间来编写一个专用的工具，使用更有效的语言。

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;
use Getopt::Std;
my ($tot,$mtot)=(0,0);
my %procs;

my %opts;
getopt('', \%opts);

sub sortres {
    return $a <=> $b                                          if $opts{'p'};
    return $procs{$a}->{'cmd'} cmp $procs{$b}->{'cmd'}        if $opts{'c'};
    return $procs{$a}->{'mswap'} <=> $procs{$b}->{'mswap'}    if $opts{'m'};
    return $procs{$a}->{'swap'} <=> $procs{$b}->{'swap'};
};

opendir my $dh,"/proc";

for my $pid (grep {/^\d+$/} readdir $dh) {
    if (open my $fh,"</proc/$pid/status") {
        my ($sum,$nam)=(0,"");
        while (<$fh>) {
            $sum+=$1 if /^VmSwap:\s+(\d+)\s/;
            $nam=$1 if /^Name:\s+(\S+)/;
        }
        if ($sum) {
            $tot+=$sum;
            $procs{$pid}->{'swap'}=$sum;
            $procs{$pid}->{'cmd'}=$nam;
            close $fh;
            if (open my $fh,"</proc/$pid/smaps") {
                $sum=0;
                while (<$fh>) {
                    $sum+=$1 if /^Swap:\s+(\d+)\s/;
                };
            };
            $mtot+=$sum;
            $procs{$pid}->{'mswap'}=$sum;
        } else { close $fh; };
    };
};
map {
    printf "PID: %9d  swapped: %11d (%11d) KB (%s)\n",
        $_, $procs{$_}->{'swap'}, $procs{$_}->{'mswap'}, $procs{$_}->{'cmd'};
} sort sortres keys %procs;
printf "Total swapped memory: %14u (%11u) KB\n", $tot,$mtot;

能不能带着一个跑

-c  sort by command name
-p  sort by pid
-m  sort by swap values
by default, output is sorted by status's vmsize

这是我的一句话:

cat /proc/*/status | grep -E 'VmSwap:|Name:' | grep VmSwap -B1 | cut -d':' -f2 | grep -v '\-\-' | grep -o -E '[a-zA-Z0-9]+.*$' | cut -d' ' -f1 | xargs -n2 echo | sort -k2 -n

这一行的步骤是:

Get all the data in /proc/process/status for all processes Select the fields VmSwap and Name for each Remove the processes that don't have the VmSwap field Remove the names of the fields (VmSwap: and Name:) Remove lines with -- that were added by the previous step Remove the spaces at the start of the lines Remove the second part of each process name and " kB" after the swap usage number Take name and number (process name and swap usage) and put them in one line, one after the other Sort the lines by the swap usage

我使用这个，如果你只有/proc，没有其他有用的。只需要设置nr为你想看到的顶部交换器的数量，它会告诉你进程名，交换占用空间(MB)，它是ps -ef的完整进程线:

Nr =10;对于pid在$(对于文件在/proc//状态;do awk '/ vmswwap |Name|^Pid/{printf $2 "" $3}END{print ""}' $file;做|分类3 - n - r - k - $ {nr} | |头awk{打印$ 2});做awk ' / VmSwap |名称| ^ Pid / {printf 2”、“3美元}{打印”“}”结束/proc/$ Pid /状态| awk的{打印1美元”“2”“3/1024美元“m”}”| sed - e ' s /。[0 - 9]/ / g’;ps ef | awk“2美元= = $ Pid{打印}”,回声;完成

Iotop是一个非常有用的工具。它提供了每个进程/线程的I/O和交换使用情况的实时统计数据。默认情况下，它显示每个线程，但你可以执行iotop -P来获取每个进程的信息。默认情况下，这是不可用的。您可能需要通过rpm/apt安装。