在Linux下,如何发现哪个进程使用交换空间更多?
当前回答
这是我的一句话:
cat /proc/*/status | grep -E 'VmSwap:|Name:' | grep VmSwap -B1 | cut -d':' -f2 | grep -v '\-\-' | grep -o -E '[a-zA-Z0-9]+.*$' | cut -d' ' -f1 | xargs -n2 echo | sort -k2 -n
这一行的步骤是:
Get all the data in /proc/process/status for all processes Select the fields VmSwap and Name for each Remove the processes that don't have the VmSwap field Remove the names of the fields (VmSwap: and Name:) Remove lines with -- that were added by the previous step Remove the spaces at the start of the lines Remove the second part of each process name and " kB" after the swap usage number Take name and number (process name and swap usage) and put them in one line, one after the other Sort the lines by the swap usage
其他回答
不完全清楚您的意思是要找到交换出最多页的进程还是导致交换出最多页的进程。
对于前者,您可以运行top并按swap排序(按'Op'),对于后者,您可以运行vmstat并查找'so'的非零条目。
在MacOSX上,你也可以运行top命令,但需要输入“o”,然后输入“vsize”,然后输入ENTER。
与@lolotux相同的答案,但有排序输出:
printf 'Computing swap usage...\n';
swap_usages="$(
SUM=0
OVERALL=0
for DIR in `find /proc/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -regex "^/proc/[0-9]+"`
do
PID="$(printf '%s' "$DIR" | cut -d / -f 3)"
PROGNAME=`ps -p $PID -o comm --no-headers`
for SWAP in `grep VmSwap $DIR/status 2>/dev/null | awk '{ print $2 }'`
do
let SUM=$SUM+$SWAP
done
if (( $SUM > 0 )); then
printf "$SUM KB ($PROGNAME) swapped PID=$PID\\n"
fi
let OVERALL=$OVERALL+$SUM
SUM=0
break
done
printf '9999999999 Overall swap used: %s KB\n' "$OVERALL"
)"
printf '%s' "$swap_usages" | sort -nk1
示例输出:
Computing swap usage...
2064 KB (systemd) swapped PID=1
59620 KB (xfdesktop) swapped PID=21405
64484 KB (nemo) swapped PID=763627
66740 KB (teamviewerd) swapped PID=1618
68244 KB (flameshot) swapped PID=84209
763136 KB (plugin_host) swapped PID=1881345
1412480 KB (java) swapped PID=43402
3864548 KB (sublime_text) swapped PID=1881327
9999999999 Overall swap used: 2064 KB
还有两种变体:
因为top或htop不能安装在小型系统上,所以浏览/proc总是可能的。
即使在小型系统上,你也会发现一个壳…
一个shell变体!(不仅仅是bash)
这与loolotux脚本完全相同,但没有任何到grep, awk或ps的分支。这要快得多!
由于bash是性能最差的shell之一,我们做了一些工作,以确保该脚本在dash、busybox和其他一些环境下能够正常运行。然后,(感谢Stéphane Chazelas)再次变得更快!
#!/bin/sh
# Get current swap usage for all running processes
# Felix Hauri 2016-08-05
# Rewritted without fork. Inspired by first stuff from
# Erik Ljungstrom 27/05/2011
# Modified by Mikko Rantalainen 2012-08-09
# Pipe the output to "sort -nk3" to get sorted output
# Modified by Marc Methot 2014-09-18
# removed the need for sudo
OVERALL=0
for FILE in /proc/[0-9]*/status ;do
SUM=0
while read FIELD VALUE;do
case $FIELD in
Pid ) PID=$VALUE ;;
Name ) PROGNAME="$VALUE" ;;
VmSwap ) SUM=${VALUE%% *} ; break ;;
esac
done <$FILE
[ $SUM -gt 0 ] &&
printf "PID: %9d swapped: %11d KB (%s)\n" $PID $SUM "$PROGNAME"
OVERALL=$((OVERALL+SUM))
done
printf "Total swapped memory: %14u KB\n" $OVERALL
别忘了双引号“$PROGNAME”!请看Stéphane Chazelas的评论:
read FIELD PROGNAME < <(
perl -ne 'BEGIN{$0="/*/*/../../*/*"} print if /^Name/' /proc/self/status
)
echo $FIELD "$PROGNAME"
不要尝试在合理的系统上不带双引号的回显$PROGNAME,并在此之前准备好杀死当前shell !
还有一个perl版本
当这变成一个不那么简单的脚本,时间来编写一个专用的工具,使用更有效的语言。
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use Getopt::Std;
my ($tot,$mtot)=(0,0);
my %procs;
my %opts;
getopt('', \%opts);
sub sortres {
return $a <=> $b if $opts{'p'};
return $procs{$a}->{'cmd'} cmp $procs{$b}->{'cmd'} if $opts{'c'};
return $procs{$a}->{'mswap'} <=> $procs{$b}->{'mswap'} if $opts{'m'};
return $procs{$a}->{'swap'} <=> $procs{$b}->{'swap'};
};
opendir my $dh,"/proc";
for my $pid (grep {/^\d+$/} readdir $dh) {
if (open my $fh,"</proc/$pid/status") {
my ($sum,$nam)=(0,"");
while (<$fh>) {
$sum+=$1 if /^VmSwap:\s+(\d+)\s/;
$nam=$1 if /^Name:\s+(\S+)/;
}
if ($sum) {
$tot+=$sum;
$procs{$pid}->{'swap'}=$sum;
$procs{$pid}->{'cmd'}=$nam;
close $fh;
if (open my $fh,"</proc/$pid/smaps") {
$sum=0;
while (<$fh>) {
$sum+=$1 if /^Swap:\s+(\d+)\s/;
};
};
$mtot+=$sum;
$procs{$pid}->{'mswap'}=$sum;
} else { close $fh; };
};
};
map {
printf "PID: %9d swapped: %11d (%11d) KB (%s)\n",
$_, $procs{$_}->{'swap'}, $procs{$_}->{'mswap'}, $procs{$_}->{'cmd'};
} sort sortres keys %procs;
printf "Total swapped memory: %14u (%11u) KB\n", $tot,$mtot;
能不能带着一个跑
-c sort by command name
-p sort by pid
-m sort by swap values
by default, output is sorted by status's vmsize
运行top,然后按OpEnter。现在进程应该根据它们的交换使用情况进行排序。
这是一个更新,因为我原来的答案没有提供一个确切的答案,在评论中指出的问题。从htop常见问题:
It is not possible to get the exact size of used swap space of a process. Top fakes this information by making SWAP = VIRT - RES, but that is not a good metric, because other stuff such as video memory counts on VIRT as well (for example: top says my X process is using 81M of swap, but it also reports my system as a whole is using only 2M of swap. Therefore, I will not add a similar Swap column to htop because I don't know a reliable way to get this information (actually, I don't think it's possible to get an exact number, because of shared pages).
推荐文章
- 在Bash中检查变量是否存在于列表中
- 查看PS命令的全部输出
- Linux命令将域名转换为IP
- 如何从命令行在windows中找到mysql数据目录
- 有效地测试Linux上的端口是否打开?
- 如何从另一个文件A中删除文件B中出现的行?
- 对以制表符分隔的文件进行排序
- 如何在Java中监控计算机的CPU、内存和磁盘使用情况?
- 在内存的哪里我的变量存储在C?
- 使用sudo时未找到命令
- 当有命令行参数时,如何使用GDB分析程序的核心转储文件?
- 如何强制从另一个SSH会话分离屏幕?
- 如何将文件指针(file * fp)转换为文件描述符(int fd)?
- Linux Bash中双&和分号有什么区别?
- 多维数组如何在内存中格式化?